https://demography.subwiki.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Sebastian 2026-05-15T00:21:16Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.41.2 https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Fertility_in_Japan&diff=1164 2022-05-13T00:31:47Z

<p>Sebastian: /* Qualitative history of fertility-relevant events and trends */</p> <hr /> <div>{{country-specific information|<br /> information type = fertility|<br /> country = Japan}}<br /> <br /> ==Data sources==<br /> <br /> * {{HFD source|country = Japan|country code = JPN|update date = August 8, 2012|download date = December 2, 2013}}<br /> * {{Gapminder standard fertility indicators}}<br /> <br /> ==Key quantitative metrics==<br /> <br /> Unless otherwise specified, data is from the Human Fertility Database, last updated August 2012. <br /> <br /> The &quot;Year&quot; column below gives the period year for period measures, and the [[birth cohort]] year for cohort measures. With the exception of the [[tempo-adjusted total fertility rate]], all latest period measures are for 2009. Latest cohort measures are 1959 or 1969, the former for the completed measures and the latter for the under-40 measures.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;sortable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;<br /> ! Metric !! Direct fertility measure, comparable with [[replacement fertility]] value of 2.1? !! Period measure or cohort measure? !! Most recent measurement !! Year !! Data year range, with link to data !! Maximum in range !! Minimum in range<br /> |-<br /> | [[crude birth rate]] (CBR) || No || Period || 8.5 || 2009 || [[period fertility in Japan#Crude birth rate|1947-2009]] || 34.65&lt;br&gt;(1947) || 8.43&lt;br&gt;(2005)<br /> |-<br /> | [[total fertility rate]] (TFR) || Yes || Period || 1.361 || 2009 || [[period fertility in Japan#Total fertility rate|1947-2009]] || 4.566&lt;br&gt;(1947) || 1.254&lt;br&gt;(2005)<br /> |-<br /> | TFR40 || Yes(ish) ||Period || 1.324 || 2009 || [[Period fertility in Japan|1947-2009]] || 4.252&lt;br&gt;(1947) || 1.228&lt;br&gt;(2005)<br /> |-<br /> | CBR proportions by birth order || No || Period || birth orders 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (and more) (respectively): 0.479, 0.365, 0.126, 0.024, 0.007 || 2009 || [[Period fertility in Japan#Crude birth rate|1968-2009]] || ||<br /> |-<br /> | TFR proportions by birth order || No || Period || birth orders 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (and more) (respectively): 0.495, 0.357, 0.118, 0.022, 0.007 || 2009 || [[Period fertility in Japan#Total fertility rate|1968-2009]] || ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Completed cohort fertility]] || Yes || Cohort || 1.87 || 1959 || [[Completed fertility in Japan#Completed cohort fertility|1932-1959]] || 2.071&lt;br&gt;(1941 &lt;br&gt;cohort) || 1.851&lt;br&gt;(1945&lt;br&gt;cohort)<br /> |-<br /> | CCF40 || Yes(ish) || Cohort || 1.444 || 1969 || [[Completed fertility in Japan|1932-1969]] || 2.062&lt;br&gt;(1941&lt;br&gt;cohort) || 1.444&lt;br&gt;(1969&lt;br&gt;cohort)<br /> |-<br /> | [[Mean age at birth]] || No || Period || 30.44 || 2009 || [[Age distribution of mothers at birth in Japan#Mean age at birth|1947-2009]] || 30.47&lt;br&gt;(1947) || 27.47&lt;br&gt;(1975)<br /> |-<br /> | [[Cohort mean age at birth]] || No || Cohort || 28.64 || 1959 || [[Age distribution of mothers at birth in Japan#Cohort mean age at birth|1953-1959]] || 28.64&lt;br&gt;(1959&lt;br&gt;cohort) || 27.92&lt;br&gt;(1953&lt;br&gt;cohort)<br /> |-<br /> | [[Cohort mean age at birth]] for birth cohorts till the age of 40 (CMAB40) || No || Cohort || 29.55|| 1969 || [[Age distribution of mothers at birth in Japan#Cohort mean age at birth|1953-1969]] || 29.55&lt;br&gt;(1969) || 27.82&lt;br&gt;(1953)<br /> |-<br /> | [[Tempo-adjusted total fertility rate]] (period measure) || Yes || Period || 1.512 || 2008 || [[Tempo-adjusted total fertility rate in Japan|1969-2008]] || 2.045&lt;br&gt;(1969) || 1.369&lt;br&gt;(2005)<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Qualitative history of fertility-relevant events and trends==<br /> <br /> ===Key events===<br /> <br /> See [[Wikipedia:Abortion in Japan]] for the abortion timeline, and [http://www.eastwestcenter.org/fileadmin/stored/pdfs/POPwp118.pdf this paper] for the pro-natalist policy timeline.<br /> {| class=&quot;sortable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;<br /> ! Year !! Type of event !! Direction (pronatalist versus antinatalist) based on intentions and naive reasoning about effects !! Event !! Postulated effects seen in fertility statistics !! [[Total fertility rate]] values in that year and nearby years (relevant year in bold)<br /> |-<br /> | 1869 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || abortion was banned nationwide, but punishment was rare except in cases of adultery or death to the mother || ||<br /> |-<br /> | 1880 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || ban on abortion was included in the penal code || ||<br /> |-<br /> | 1907 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || women could be incarcerated for up to a year for having an abortion; practitioners could be jailed for up to seven. || || <br /> |-<br /> | 1923 || [[fertility policy]] || antinatalist || doctors were granted legal permission to perform emergency abortions to save the mother's life; abortions performed under different, less life-threatening circumstances were still prosecuted. || || <br /> |-<br /> | 1940 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || National Eugenic Law outlined a set of procedures doctors needed to follow in order to get an abortion. || Some commentators claim this was causally responsible for a huge decline in the number of abortions 1941-1944. ||<br /> |-<br /> | 1948 || [[fertility policy]] || antinatalist || passage of [[Eugenic Protection Law]] legalizing abortion and facilitating the provision of family planning services || This may have contributed to the rapid decline in birth rates and fertility in the 1949-1955 period. || 4.566, '''4.444''', 4.357, 3.672<br /> |-<br /> | 1966 || superstition || antinatalist (but temporary) || inauspicious year for births. || sudden dip in fertility rates. || 2.045, 2.145, '''1.579''', 2.224, 2.127<br /> |-<br /> | 1972 || [[family policy]] || pronatalist || The Japanese government, foreseeing that fertility would soon drop to below the [[replacement fertility]] level, introduced a per-child subsidy. || ||<br /> |-<br /> | 1973 || measurement issue || -- || change in data collection modalities || Jumps or discontinuities at this year are likely attributable to the change in data collection modality. || 2.153, 2.138, '''2.135''', 2.04, 1.9<br /> |-<br /> | 1991 || [[family policy]] || pronatalist || Childcare Leave Act passed by Japanese government aimed at helping working mothers || || 1.576, 1.543, '''1.537''', 1.506, 1.464<br /> |-<br /> | 1992 || [[family policy]] || pronatalist || The government offers 12 months of parental leave for parents who meet minimum work requirements.[https://www.eastwestcenter.org/system/tdf/private/api131.pdf?file=1&amp;type=node&amp;id=36147] || No discernible effect || 1.580, 1.546, '''1.511''', 1.476, 1.455<br /> |-<br /> | 1994 || [[family policy]] || pronatalist || government passed a four-year Angel Plan 1995-99 (officially known as the &quot;Basic Direction for Future Childbearing Support Measures&quot;) with the primary goal being to establish more day-care centers to make parenting easier (and thereby, more attractive) || No discernible effect || 1.506, 1.464, '''1.507''', 1.426, 1.43<br /> |-<br /> | 1995 || [[family policy]] || pronatalist || The government adds income compensation to parental leave.[https://www.eastwestcenter.org/system/tdf/private/api131.pdf?file=1&amp;type=node&amp;id=36147] || || 1.476, 1.455, '''1.433''', 1.412, 1.390<br /> |-<br /> | 1996 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || replacement of the Eugenic Protection Law by the Maternal Health Protection Law, making abortion illegal except in case the fetus had significant defects or in case of danger to the mother's health || No discernible effect, but probably because the law itself didn't change reality on the ground. || 1.507, 1.426, '''1.43''', 1.392, 1.388<br /> |-<br /> | 1999 || [[family policy]] || pronatalist || government passed a New Angel Plan building on the earlier Angel Plan, to build more day-care centers and after-school support. || || 1.392, 1.388, '''1.347''', 1.318, 1.29<br /> |-<br /> | 1999 || [[fertility policy]] || antinatalist || birth control pills were legalized, see [http://www.nbcnews.com/id/5726375/#.UvuvUoXl68w here] || No discernible effect || 1.392, 1.388, '''1.347''', 1.318, 1.29<br /> |-<br /> | 2001 || [[family policy]] || pronatalist || Employment Insurance Law was amended, specifying that 40% salary was to be paid to regular full-time employees on childcare leave || || 1.347, 1.359, '''1.336''', 1.318, 1.29<br /> |-<br /> | 2002 || [[family policy]] || pronatalist || &quot;Plus One&quot; plan announced by the government, encouraging fathers to take five-day paternity leave following childbirth || || 1.359, 1.336, '''1.318''', 1.29, 1.288<br /> |-<br /> | 2003 || diffuse, mix of family policy and fertility policy || pronatalist || Japanese government passed &quot;Next Generation&quot; law and &quot;Law for Measures to Support the Development of the Next Generation.&quot; These required any business with more than 300 workers to create a &quot;plan&quot; for raising the fertility level of its workers || || 1.336, 1.318, '''1.29''', 1.288, 1.254<br /> |-<br /> | 2004 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || government subsidies for infertility treatments began || || 1.318, 1.29, '''1.288''', 1.254, 1.313<br /> |-<br /> | 2006 || [[fertility policy]] || antinatalist || abortion was officially made legal conditional to the mother's consent || No discernible effect, but probably because the law itself didn't change reality on the ground. || 1.288, 1.254, '''1.313''', 1.331, 1.36<br /> |-<br /> | 2014 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || The government announces the goal of maintaining the population at 100 million over the next 50 years, as part of broader economic policies. The plan looks to offset the decline in population by boosting the country’s fertility rate and implementing other measures.[https://www.nippon.com/en/features/h00057/#:~:text=Depopulation%20continues%20to%20be%20a,part%20of%20broader%20economic%20policies] || No discernible effect || 1.395, 1.409, '''1.401''', 1.393, 1.386<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Trends in period fertility===<br /> <br /> {{#lst:period fertility in Japan|trends}}<br /> <br /> ===Trends in completed fertility===<br /> <br /> {{#lst:completed fertility in Japan|trends}}<br /> <br /> ==Period fertility==<br /> <br /> {{further|[[period fertility in Japan]]}}<br /> <br /> {{#lst:period fertility in Japan|main}}<br /> <br /> ==Completed fertility==<br /> <br /> {{further|[[completed fertility in Japan]]}}<br /> <br /> {{#lst:completed fertility in Japan|main}}<br /> <br /> ==Other data on fertility==<br /> <br /> * [[Age distribution of mothers at birth in Japan]] includes data on the [[mean age at birth]], [[standard deviation in age at birth]], and [[cohort mean age at birth]].<br /> * [[Tempo-adjusted total fertility rate in Japan]] includes data on the [[tempo-adjusted total fertility rate]].<br /> <br /> ==Fertility broken down further==<br /> <br /> * [[Fertility and education in Japan]]<br /> * [[Fertility by region in Japan]]<br /> * [[Fertility by ethnicity in Japan]]<br /> <br /> ==Other social and demographic indicators related to fertility==<br /> <br /> ===Social structures and policies===<br /> <br /> * [[Family structure in Japan]]<br /> <br /> ===Empirical data on measures related to fertility===<br /> <br /> * [[Demographics of Japan]]<br /> * [[Population trends in Japan]]<br /> * [[Migration in Japan]]<br /> * [[Marriage in Japan]]<br /> * [[Abortion in Japan]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> * {{paperlink|Japan-babybust}}<br /> * {{paperlink|Japan-fertility-by-education}}</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Fertility_in_Japan&diff=1163 2022-05-13T00:05:36Z

<p>Sebastian: </p> <hr /> <div>{{country-specific information|<br /> information type = fertility|<br /> country = Japan}}<br /> <br /> ==Data sources==<br /> <br /> * {{HFD source|country = Japan|country code = JPN|update date = August 8, 2012|download date = December 2, 2013}}<br /> * {{Gapminder standard fertility indicators}}<br /> <br /> ==Key quantitative metrics==<br /> <br /> Unless otherwise specified, data is from the Human Fertility Database, last updated August 2012. <br /> <br /> The &quot;Year&quot; column below gives the period year for period measures, and the [[birth cohort]] year for cohort measures. With the exception of the [[tempo-adjusted total fertility rate]], all latest period measures are for 2009. Latest cohort measures are 1959 or 1969, the former for the completed measures and the latter for the under-40 measures.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;sortable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;<br /> ! Metric !! Direct fertility measure, comparable with [[replacement fertility]] value of 2.1? !! Period measure or cohort measure? !! Most recent measurement !! Year !! Data year range, with link to data !! Maximum in range !! Minimum in range<br /> |-<br /> | [[crude birth rate]] (CBR) || No || Period || 8.5 || 2009 || [[period fertility in Japan#Crude birth rate|1947-2009]] || 34.65&lt;br&gt;(1947) || 8.43&lt;br&gt;(2005)<br /> |-<br /> | [[total fertility rate]] (TFR) || Yes || Period || 1.361 || 2009 || [[period fertility in Japan#Total fertility rate|1947-2009]] || 4.566&lt;br&gt;(1947) || 1.254&lt;br&gt;(2005)<br /> |-<br /> | TFR40 || Yes(ish) ||Period || 1.324 || 2009 || [[Period fertility in Japan|1947-2009]] || 4.252&lt;br&gt;(1947) || 1.228&lt;br&gt;(2005)<br /> |-<br /> | CBR proportions by birth order || No || Period || birth orders 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (and more) (respectively): 0.479, 0.365, 0.126, 0.024, 0.007 || 2009 || [[Period fertility in Japan#Crude birth rate|1968-2009]] || ||<br /> |-<br /> | TFR proportions by birth order || No || Period || birth orders 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (and more) (respectively): 0.495, 0.357, 0.118, 0.022, 0.007 || 2009 || [[Period fertility in Japan#Total fertility rate|1968-2009]] || ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Completed cohort fertility]] || Yes || Cohort || 1.87 || 1959 || [[Completed fertility in Japan#Completed cohort fertility|1932-1959]] || 2.071&lt;br&gt;(1941 &lt;br&gt;cohort) || 1.851&lt;br&gt;(1945&lt;br&gt;cohort)<br /> |-<br /> | CCF40 || Yes(ish) || Cohort || 1.444 || 1969 || [[Completed fertility in Japan|1932-1969]] || 2.062&lt;br&gt;(1941&lt;br&gt;cohort) || 1.444&lt;br&gt;(1969&lt;br&gt;cohort)<br /> |-<br /> | [[Mean age at birth]] || No || Period || 30.44 || 2009 || [[Age distribution of mothers at birth in Japan#Mean age at birth|1947-2009]] || 30.47&lt;br&gt;(1947) || 27.47&lt;br&gt;(1975)<br /> |-<br /> | [[Cohort mean age at birth]] || No || Cohort || 28.64 || 1959 || [[Age distribution of mothers at birth in Japan#Cohort mean age at birth|1953-1959]] || 28.64&lt;br&gt;(1959&lt;br&gt;cohort) || 27.92&lt;br&gt;(1953&lt;br&gt;cohort)<br /> |-<br /> | [[Cohort mean age at birth]] for birth cohorts till the age of 40 (CMAB40) || No || Cohort || 29.55|| 1969 || [[Age distribution of mothers at birth in Japan#Cohort mean age at birth|1953-1969]] || 29.55&lt;br&gt;(1969) || 27.82&lt;br&gt;(1953)<br /> |-<br /> | [[Tempo-adjusted total fertility rate]] (period measure) || Yes || Period || 1.512 || 2008 || [[Tempo-adjusted total fertility rate in Japan|1969-2008]] || 2.045&lt;br&gt;(1969) || 1.369&lt;br&gt;(2005)<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Qualitative history of fertility-relevant events and trends==<br /> <br /> ===Key events===<br /> <br /> See [[Wikipedia:Abortion in Japan]] for the abortion timeline, and [http://www.eastwestcenter.org/fileadmin/stored/pdfs/POPwp118.pdf this paper] for the pro-natalist policy timeline.<br /> {| class=&quot;sortable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;<br /> ! Year !! Type of event !! Direction (pronatalist versus antinatalist) based on intentions and naive reasoning about effects !! Event !! Postulated effects seen in fertility statistics !! [[Total fertility rate]] values in that year and nearby years (relevant year in bold)<br /> |-<br /> | 1869 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || abortion was banned nationwide, but punishment was rare except in cases of adultery or death to the mother || ||<br /> |-<br /> | 1880 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || ban on abortion was included in the penal code || ||<br /> |-<br /> | 1907 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || women could be incarcerated for up to a year for having an abortion; practitioners could be jailed for up to seven. || || <br /> |-<br /> | 1923 || [[fertility policy]] || antinatalist || doctors were granted legal permission to perform emergency abortions to save the mother's life; abortions performed under different, less life-threatening circumstances were still prosecuted. || || <br /> |-<br /> | 1940 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || National Eugenic Law outlined a set of procedures doctors needed to follow in order to get an abortion. || Some commentators claim this was causally responsible for a huge decline in the number of abortions 1941-1944. ||<br /> |-<br /> | 1948 || [[fertility policy]] || antinatalist || passage of [[Eugenic Protection Law]] legalizing abortion and facilitating the provision of family planning services || This may have contributed to the rapid decline in birth rates and fertility in the 1949-1955 period. || 4.566, '''4.444''', 4.357, 3.672<br /> |-<br /> | 1966 || superstition || antinatalist (but temporary) || inauspicious year for births. || sudden dip in fertility rates. || 2.045, 2.145, '''1.579''', 2.224, 2.127<br /> |-<br /> | 1972 || [[family policy]] || pronatalist || The Japanese government, foreseeing that fertility would soon drop to below the [[replacement fertility]] level, introduced a per-child subsidy. || ||<br /> |-<br /> | 1973 || measurement issue || -- || change in data collection modalities || Jumps or discontinuities at this year are likely attributable to the change in data collection modality. || 2.153, 2.138, '''2.135''', 2.04, 1.9<br /> |-<br /> | 1991 || [[family policy]] || pronatalist || Childcare Leave Act passed by Japanese government aimed at helping working mothers || || 1.576, 1.543, '''1.537''', 1.506, 1.464<br /> |-<br /> | 1994 || [[family policy]] || pronatalist || government passed a four-year Angel Plan 1995-99 (officially known as the &quot;Basic Direction for Future Childbearing Support Measures&quot;) with the primary goal being to establish more day-care centers to make parenting easier (and thereby, more attractive) || || 1.506, 1.464, '''1.507''', 1.426, 1.43<br /> |-<br /> | 1996 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || replacement of the Eugenic Protection Law by the Maternal Health Protection Law, making abortion illegal except in case the fetus had significant defects or in case of danger to the mother's health || No discernible effect, but probably because the law itself didn't change reality on the ground. || 1.507, 1.426, '''1.43''', 1.392, 1.388<br /> |-<br /> | 1999 || [[family policy]] || pronatalist || government passed a New Angel Plan building on the earlier Angel Plan, to build more day-care centers and after-school support. || || 1.392, 1.388, '''1.347''', 1.318, 1.29<br /> |-<br /> | 1999 || [[fertility policy]] || antinatalist || birth control pills were legalized, see [http://www.nbcnews.com/id/5726375/#.UvuvUoXl68w here] || No discernible effect || 1.392, 1.388, '''1.347''', 1.318, 1.29<br /> |-<br /> | 2001 || [[family policy]] || pronatalist || Employment Insurance Law was amended, specifying that 40% salary was to be paid to regular full-time employees on childcare leave || || 1.347, 1.359, '''1.336''', 1.318, 1.29<br /> |-<br /> | 2002 || [[family policy]] || pronatalist || &quot;Plus One&quot; plan announced by the government, encouraging fathers to take five-day paternity leave following childbirth || || 1.359, 1.336, '''1.318''', 1.29, 1.288<br /> |-<br /> | 2003 || diffuse, mix of family policy and fertility policy || pronatalist || Japanese government passed &quot;Next Generation&quot; law and &quot;Law for Measures to Support the Development of the Next Generation.&quot; These required any business with more than 300 workers to create a &quot;plan&quot; for raising the fertility level of its workers || || 1.336, 1.318, '''1.29''', 1.288, 1.254<br /> |-<br /> | 2004 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || government subsidies for infertility treatments began || || 1.318, 1.29, '''1.288''', 1.254, 1.313<br /> |-<br /> | 2006 || [[fertility policy]] || antinatalist || abortion was officially made legal conditional to the mother's consent || No discernible effect, but probably because the law itself didn't change reality on the ground. || 1.288, 1.254, '''1.313''', 1.331, 1.36<br /> |-<br /> | 2014 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || The government announces the goal of maintaining the population at 100 million over the next 50 years, as part of broader economic policies. The plan looks to offset the decline in population by boosting the country’s fertility rate and implementing other measures.[https://www.nippon.com/en/features/h00057/#:~:text=Depopulation%20continues%20to%20be%20a,part%20of%20broader%20economic%20policies] || No discernible effect || 1.395, 1.409, '''1.401''', 1.393, 1.386<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Trends in period fertility===<br /> <br /> {{#lst:period fertility in Japan|trends}}<br /> <br /> ===Trends in completed fertility===<br /> <br /> {{#lst:completed fertility in Japan|trends}}<br /> <br /> ==Period fertility==<br /> <br /> {{further|[[period fertility in Japan]]}}<br /> <br /> {{#lst:period fertility in Japan|main}}<br /> <br /> ==Completed fertility==<br /> <br /> {{further|[[completed fertility in Japan]]}}<br /> <br /> {{#lst:completed fertility in Japan|main}}<br /> <br /> ==Other data on fertility==<br /> <br /> * [[Age distribution of mothers at birth in Japan]] includes data on the [[mean age at birth]], [[standard deviation in age at birth]], and [[cohort mean age at birth]].<br /> * [[Tempo-adjusted total fertility rate in Japan]] includes data on the [[tempo-adjusted total fertility rate]].<br /> <br /> ==Fertility broken down further==<br /> <br /> * [[Fertility and education in Japan]]<br /> * [[Fertility by region in Japan]]<br /> * [[Fertility by ethnicity in Japan]]<br /> <br /> ==Other social and demographic indicators related to fertility==<br /> <br /> ===Social structures and policies===<br /> <br /> * [[Family structure in Japan]]<br /> <br /> ===Empirical data on measures related to fertility===<br /> <br /> * [[Demographics of Japan]]<br /> * [[Population trends in Japan]]<br /> * [[Migration in Japan]]<br /> * [[Marriage in Japan]]<br /> * [[Abortion in Japan]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> * {{paperlink|Japan-babybust}}<br /> * {{paperlink|Japan-fertility-by-education}}</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Fertility_in_Japan&diff=1162 2022-05-13T00:02:07Z

<p>Sebastian: </p> <hr /> <div>{{country-specific information|<br /> information type = fertility|<br /> country = Japan}}<br /> <br /> ==Data sources==<br /> <br /> * {{HFD source|country = Japan|country code = JPN|update date = August 8, 2012|download date = December 2, 2013}}<br /> * {{Gapminder standard fertility indicators}}<br /> <br /> ==Key quantitative metrics==<br /> <br /> Unless otherwise specified, data is from the Human Fertility Database, last updated August 2012. <br /> <br /> The &quot;Year&quot; column below gives the period year for period measures, and the [[birth cohort]] year for cohort measures. With the exception of the [[tempo-adjusted total fertility rate]], all latest period measures are for 2009. Latest cohort measures are 1959 or 1969, the former for the completed measures and the latter for the under-40 measures.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;sortable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;<br /> ! Metric !! Direct fertility measure, comparable with [[replacement fertility]] value of 2.1? !! Period measure or cohort measure? !! Most recent measurement !! Year !! Data year range, with link to data !! Maximum in range !! Minimum in range<br /> |-<br /> | [[crude birth rate]] (CBR) || No || Period || 8.5 || 2009 || [[period fertility in Japan#Crude birth rate|1947-2009]] || 34.65&lt;br&gt;(1947) || 8.43&lt;br&gt;(2005)<br /> |-<br /> | [[total fertility rate]] (TFR) || Yes || Period || 1.361 || 2009 || [[period fertility in Japan#Total fertility rate|1947-2009]] || 4.566&lt;br&gt;(1947) || 1.254&lt;br&gt;(2005)<br /> |-<br /> | TFR40 || Yes(ish) ||Period || 1.324 || 2009 || [[Period fertility in Japan|1947-2009]] || 4.252&lt;br&gt;(1947) || 1.228&lt;br&gt;(2005)<br /> |-<br /> | CBR proportions by birth order || No || Period || birth orders 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (and more) (respectively): 0.479, 0.365, 0.126, 0.024, 0.007 || 2009 || [[Period fertility in Japan#Crude birth rate|1968-2009]] || ||<br /> |-<br /> | TFR proportions by birth order || No || Period || birth orders 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (and more) (respectively): 0.495, 0.357, 0.118, 0.022, 0.007 || 2009 || [[Period fertility in Japan#Total fertility rate|1968-2009]] || ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Completed cohort fertility]] || Yes || Cohort || 1.87 || 1959 || [[Completed fertility in Japan#Completed cohort fertility|1932-1959]] || 2.071&lt;br&gt;(1941 &lt;br&gt;cohort) || 1.851&lt;br&gt;(1945&lt;br&gt;cohort)<br /> |-<br /> | CCF40 || Yes(ish) || Cohort || 1.444 || 1969 || [[Completed fertility in Japan|1932-1969]] || 2.062&lt;br&gt;(1941&lt;br&gt;cohort) || 1.444&lt;br&gt;(1969&lt;br&gt;cohort)<br /> |-<br /> | [[Mean age at birth]] || No || Period || 30.44 || 2009 || [[Age distribution of mothers at birth in Japan#Mean age at birth|1947-2009]] || 30.47&lt;br&gt;(1947) || 27.47&lt;br&gt;(1975)<br /> |-<br /> | [[Cohort mean age at birth]] || No || Cohort || 28.64 || 1959 || [[Age distribution of mothers at birth in Japan#Cohort mean age at birth|1953-1959]] || 28.64&lt;br&gt;(1959&lt;br&gt;cohort) || 27.92&lt;br&gt;(1953&lt;br&gt;cohort)<br /> |-<br /> | [[Cohort mean age at birth]] for birth cohorts till the age of 40 (CMAB40) || No || Cohort || 29.55|| 1969 || [[Age distribution of mothers at birth in Japan#Cohort mean age at birth|1953-1969]] || 29.55&lt;br&gt;(1969) || 27.82&lt;br&gt;(1953)<br /> |-<br /> | [[Tempo-adjusted total fertility rate]] (period measure) || Yes || Period || 1.512 || 2008 || [[Tempo-adjusted total fertility rate in Japan|1969-2008]] || 2.045&lt;br&gt;(1969) || 1.369&lt;br&gt;(2005)<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Qualitative history of fertility-relevant events and trends==<br /> <br /> ===Key events===<br /> <br /> See [[Wikipedia:Abortion in Japan]] for the abortion timeline, and [http://www.eastwestcenter.org/fileadmin/stored/pdfs/POPwp118.pdf this paper] for the pro-natalist policy timeline.<br /> {| class=&quot;sortable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;<br /> ! Year !! Type of event !! Direction (pronatalist versus antinatalist) based on intentions and naive reasoning about effects !! Event !! Postulated effects seen in fertility statistics !! [[Total fertility rate]] values in that year and nearby years (relevant year in bold)<br /> |-<br /> | 1869 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || abortion was banned nationwide, but punishment was rare except in cases of adultery or death to the mother || ||<br /> |-<br /> | 1880 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || ban on abortion was included in the penal code || ||<br /> |-<br /> | 1907 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || women could be incarcerated for up to a year for having an abortion; practitioners could be jailed for up to seven. || || <br /> |-<br /> | 1923 || [[fertility policy]] || antinatalist || doctors were granted legal permission to perform emergency abortions to save the mother's life; abortions performed under different, less life-threatening circumstances were still prosecuted. || || <br /> |-<br /> | 1940 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || National Eugenic Law outlined a set of procedures doctors needed to follow in order to get an abortion. || Some commentators claim this was causally responsible for a huge decline in the number of abortions 1941-1944. ||<br /> |-<br /> | 1948 || [[fertility policy]] || antinatalist || passage of [[Eugenic Protection Law]] legalizing abortion and facilitating the provision of family planning services || This may have contributed to the rapid decline in birth rates and fertility in the 1949-1955 period. || 4.566, '''4.444''', 4.357, 3.672<br /> |-<br /> | 1966 || superstition || antinatalist (but temporary) || inauspicious year for births. || sudden dip in fertility rates. || 2.045, 2.145, '''1.579''', 2.224, 2.127<br /> |-<br /> | 1972 || [[family policy]] || pronatalist || The Japanese government, foreseeing that fertility would soon drop to below the [[replacement fertility]] level, introduced a per-child subsidy. || ||<br /> |-<br /> | 1973 || measurement issue || -- || change in data collection modalities || Jumps or discontinuities at this year are likely attributable to the change in data collection modality. || 2.153, 2.138, '''2.135''', 2.04, 1.9<br /> |-<br /> | 1991 || [[family policy]] || pronatalist || Childcare Leave Act passed by Japanese government aimed at helping working mothers || || 1.576, 1.543, '''1.537''', 1.506, 1.464<br /> |-<br /> | 1994 || [[family policy]] || pronatalist || government passed a four-year Angel Plan 1995-99 (officially known as the &quot;Basic Direction for Future Childbearing Support Measures&quot;) with the primary goal being to establish more day-care centers to make parenting easier (and thereby, more attractive) || || 1.506, 1.464, '''1.507''', 1.426, 1.43<br /> |-<br /> | 1996 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || replacement of the Eugenic Protection Law by the Maternal Health Protection Law, making abortion illegal except in case the fetus had significant defects or in case of danger to the mother's health || No discernible effect, but probably because the law itself didn't change reality on the ground. || 1.507, 1.426, '''1.43''', 1.392, 1.388<br /> |-<br /> | 1999 || [[family policy]] || pronatalist || government passed a New Angel Plan building on the earlier Angel Plan, to build more day-care centers and after-school support. || || 1.392, 1.388, '''1.347''', 1.318, 1.29<br /> |-<br /> | 1999 || [[fertility policy]] || antinatalist || birth control pills were legalized, see [http://www.nbcnews.com/id/5726375/#.UvuvUoXl68w here] || No discernible effect || 1.392, 1.388, '''1.347''', 1.318, 1.29<br /> |-<br /> | 2001 || [[family policy]] || pronatalist || Employment Insurance Law was amended, specifying that 40% salary was to be paid to regular full-time employees on childcare leave || || 1.347, 1.359, '''1.336''', 1.318, 1.29<br /> |-<br /> | 2002 || [[family policy]] || pronatalist || &quot;Plus One&quot; plan announced by the government, encouraging fathers to take five-day paternity leave following childbirth || || 1.359, 1.336, '''1.318''', 1.29, 1.288<br /> |-<br /> | 2003 || diffuse, mix of family policy and fertility policy || pronatalist || Japanese government passed &quot;Next Generation&quot; law and &quot;Law for Measures to Support the Development of the Next Generation.&quot; These required any business with more than 300 workers to create a &quot;plan&quot; for raising the fertility level of its workers || || 1.336, 1.318, '''1.29''', 1.288, 1.254<br /> |-<br /> | 2004 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || government subsidies for infertility treatments began || || 1.318, 1.29, '''1.288''', 1.254, 1.313<br /> |-<br /> | 2006 || [[fertility policy]] || antinatalist || abortion was officially made legal conditional to the mother's consent || No discernible effect, but probably because the law itself didn't change reality on the ground. || 1.288, 1.254, '''1.313''', 1.331, 1.36<br /> |-<br /> | 2014 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || The government announces the goal of maintaining the population at 100 million over the next 50 years, as part of broader economic policies. The plan looks to offset the decline in population by boosting the country’s fertility rate and implementing other measures.[https://www.nippon.com/en/features/h00057/#:~:text=Depopulation%20continues%20to%20be%20a,part%20of%20broader%20economic%20policies] ||<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Trends in period fertility===<br /> <br /> {{#lst:period fertility in Japan|trends}}<br /> <br /> ===Trends in completed fertility===<br /> <br /> {{#lst:completed fertility in Japan|trends}}<br /> <br /> ==Period fertility==<br /> <br /> {{further|[[period fertility in Japan]]}}<br /> <br /> {{#lst:period fertility in Japan|main}}<br /> <br /> ==Completed fertility==<br /> <br /> {{further|[[completed fertility in Japan]]}}<br /> <br /> {{#lst:completed fertility in Japan|main}}<br /> <br /> ==Other data on fertility==<br /> <br /> * [[Age distribution of mothers at birth in Japan]] includes data on the [[mean age at birth]], [[standard deviation in age at birth]], and [[cohort mean age at birth]].<br /> * [[Tempo-adjusted total fertility rate in Japan]] includes data on the [[tempo-adjusted total fertility rate]].<br /> <br /> ==Fertility broken down further==<br /> <br /> * [[Fertility and education in Japan]]<br /> * [[Fertility by region in Japan]]<br /> * [[Fertility by ethnicity in Japan]]<br /> <br /> ==Other social and demographic indicators related to fertility==<br /> <br /> ===Social structures and policies===<br /> <br /> * [[Family structure in Japan]]<br /> <br /> ===Empirical data on measures related to fertility===<br /> <br /> * [[Demographics of Japan]]<br /> * [[Population trends in Japan]]<br /> * [[Migration in Japan]]<br /> * [[Marriage in Japan]]<br /> * [[Abortion in Japan]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> * {{paperlink|Japan-babybust}}<br /> * {{paperlink|Japan-fertility-by-education}}</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Fertility_in_Japan&diff=1161 2022-05-13T00:01:38Z

<p>Sebastian: /* Qualitative history of fertility-relevant events and trends */</p> <hr /> <div>{{country-specific information|<br /> information type = fertility|<br /> country = Japan}}<br /> <br /> ==Data sources==<br /> <br /> * {{HFD source|country = Japan|country code = JPN|update date = August 8, 2012|download date = December 2, 2013}}<br /> * {{Gapminder standard fertility indicators}}<br /> <br /> ==Key quantitative metrics==<br /> <br /> Unless otherwise specified, data is from the Human Fertility Database, last updated August 2012. <br /> <br /> The &quot;Year&quot; column below gives the period year for period measures, and the [[birth cohort]] year for cohort measures. With the exception of the [[tempo-adjusted total fertility rate]], all latest period measures are for 2009. Latest cohort measures are 1959 or 1969, the former for the completed measures and the latter for the under-40 measures.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;sortable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;<br /> ! Metric !! Direct fertility measure, comparable with [[replacement fertility]] value of 2.1? !! Period measure or cohort measure? !! Most recent measurement !! Year !! Data year range, with link to data !! Maximum in range !! Minimum in range<br /> |-<br /> | [[crude birth rate]] (CBR) || No || Period || 8.5 || 2009 || [[period fertility in Japan#Crude birth rate|1947-2009]] || 34.65&lt;br&gt;(1947) || 8.43&lt;br&gt;(2005)<br /> |-<br /> | [[total fertility rate]] (TFR) || Yes || Period || 1.361 || 2009 || [[period fertility in Japan#Total fertility rate|1947-2009]] || 4.566&lt;br&gt;(1947) || 1.254&lt;br&gt;(2005)<br /> |-<br /> | TFR40 || Yes(ish) ||Period || 1.324 || 2009 || [[Period fertility in Japan|1947-2009]] || 4.252&lt;br&gt;(1947) || 1.228&lt;br&gt;(2005)<br /> |-<br /> | CBR proportions by birth order || No || Period || birth orders 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (and more) (respectively): 0.479, 0.365, 0.126, 0.024, 0.007 || 2009 || [[Period fertility in Japan#Crude birth rate|1968-2009]] || ||<br /> |-<br /> | TFR proportions by birth order || No || Period || birth orders 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (and more) (respectively): 0.495, 0.357, 0.118, 0.022, 0.007 || 2009 || [[Period fertility in Japan#Total fertility rate|1968-2009]] || ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Completed cohort fertility]] || Yes || Cohort || 1.87 || 1959 || [[Completed fertility in Japan#Completed cohort fertility|1932-1959]] || 2.071&lt;br&gt;(1941 &lt;br&gt;cohort) || 1.851&lt;br&gt;(1945&lt;br&gt;cohort)<br /> |-<br /> | CCF40 || Yes(ish) || Cohort || 1.444 || 1969 || [[Completed fertility in Japan|1932-1969]] || 2.062&lt;br&gt;(1941&lt;br&gt;cohort) || 1.444&lt;br&gt;(1969&lt;br&gt;cohort)<br /> |-<br /> | [[Mean age at birth]] || No || Period || 30.44 || 2009 || [[Age distribution of mothers at birth in Japan#Mean age at birth|1947-2009]] || 30.47&lt;br&gt;(1947) || 27.47&lt;br&gt;(1975)<br /> |-<br /> | [[Cohort mean age at birth]] || No || Cohort || 28.64 || 1959 || [[Age distribution of mothers at birth in Japan#Cohort mean age at birth|1953-1959]] || 28.64&lt;br&gt;(1959&lt;br&gt;cohort) || 27.92&lt;br&gt;(1953&lt;br&gt;cohort)<br /> |-<br /> | [[Cohort mean age at birth]] for birth cohorts till the age of 40 (CMAB40) || No || Cohort || 29.55|| 1969 || [[Age distribution of mothers at birth in Japan#Cohort mean age at birth|1953-1969]] || 29.55&lt;br&gt;(1969) || 27.82&lt;br&gt;(1953)<br /> |-<br /> | [[Tempo-adjusted total fertility rate]] (period measure) || Yes || Period || 1.512 || 2008 || [[Tempo-adjusted total fertility rate in Japan|1969-2008]] || 2.045&lt;br&gt;(1969) || 1.369&lt;br&gt;(2005)<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Qualitative history of fertility-relevant events and trends==<br /> <br /> ===Key events===<br /> <br /> See [[Wikipedia:Abortion in Japan]] for the abortion timeline, and [http://www.eastwestcenter.org/fileadmin/stored/pdfs/POPwp118.pdf this paper] for the pro-natalist policy timeline.<br /> {| class=&quot;sortable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;<br /> ! Year !! Type of event !! Direction (pronatalist versus antinatalist) based on intentions and naive reasoning about effects !! Event !! Postulated effects seen in fertility statistics !! [[Total fertility rate]] values in that year and nearby years (relevant year in bold)<br /> |-<br /> | 1869 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || abortion was banned nationwide, but punishment was rare except in cases of adultery or death to the mother || ||<br /> |-<br /> | 1880 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || ban on abortion was included in the penal code || ||<br /> |-<br /> | 1907 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || women could be incarcerated for up to a year for having an abortion; practitioners could be jailed for up to seven. || || <br /> |-<br /> | 1923 || [[fertility policy]] || antinatalist || doctors were granted legal permission to perform emergency abortions to save the mother's life; abortions performed under different, less life-threatening circumstances were still prosecuted. || || <br /> |-<br /> | 1940 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || National Eugenic Law outlined a set of procedures doctors needed to follow in order to get an abortion. || Some commentators claim this was causally responsible for a huge decline in the number of abortions 1941-1944. ||<br /> |-<br /> | 1948 || [[fertility policy]] || antinatalist || passage of [[Eugenic Protection Law]] legalizing abortion and facilitating the provision of family planning services || This may have contributed to the rapid decline in birth rates and fertility in the 1949-1955 period. || 4.566, '''4.444''', 4.357, 3.672<br /> |-<br /> | 1966 || superstition || antinatalist (but temporary) || inauspicious year for births. || sudden dip in fertility rates. || 2.045, 2.145, '''1.579''', 2.224, 2.127<br /> |-<br /> | 1972 || [[family policy]] || pronatalist || The Japanese government, foreseeing that fertility would soon drop to below the [[replacement fertility]] level, introduced a per-child subsidy. || ||<br /> |-<br /> | 1973 || measurement issue || -- || change in data collection modalities || Jumps or discontinuities at this year are likely attributable to the change in data collection modality. || 2.153, 2.138, '''2.135''', 2.04, 1.9<br /> |-<br /> | 1991 || [[family policy]] || pronatalist || Childcare Leave Act passed by Japanese government aimed at helping working mothers || || 1.576, 1.543, '''1.537''', 1.506, 1.464<br /> |-<br /> | 1994 || [[family policy]] || pronatalist || government passed a four-year Angel Plan 1995-99 (officially known as the &quot;Basic Direction for Future Childbearing Support Measures&quot;) with the primary goal being to establish more day-care centers to make parenting easier (and thereby, more attractive) || || 1.506, 1.464, '''1.507''', 1.426, 1.43<br /> |-<br /> | 1996 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || replacement of the Eugenic Protection Law by the Maternal Health Protection Law, making abortion illegal except in case the fetus had significant defects or in case of danger to the mother's health || No discernible effect, but probably because the law itself didn't change reality on the ground. || 1.507, 1.426, '''1.43''', 1.392, 1.388<br /> |-<br /> | 1999 || [[family policy]] || pronatalist || government passed a New Angel Plan building on the earlier Angel Plan, to build more day-care centers and after-school support. || || 1.392, 1.388, '''1.347''', 1.318, 1.29<br /> |-<br /> | 1999 || [[fertility policy]] || antinatalist || birth control pills were legalized, see [http://www.nbcnews.com/id/5726375/#.UvuvUoXl68w here] || No discernible effect || 1.392, 1.388, '''1.347''', 1.318, 1.29<br /> |-<br /> | 2001 || [[family policy]] || pronatalist || Employment Insurance Law was amended, specifying that 40% salary was to be paid to regular full-time employees on childcare leave || || 1.347, 1.359, '''1.336''', 1.318, 1.29<br /> |-<br /> | 2002 || [[family policy]] || pronatalist || &quot;Plus One&quot; plan announced by the government, encouraging fathers to take five-day paternity leave following childbirth || || 1.359, 1.336, '''1.318''', 1.29, 1.288<br /> |-<br /> | 2003 || diffuse, mix of family policy and fertility policy || pronatalist || Japanese government passed &quot;Next Generation&quot; law and &quot;Law for Measures to Support the Development of the Next Generation.&quot; These required any business with more than 300 workers to create a &quot;plan&quot; for raising the fertility level of its workers || || 1.336, 1.318, '''1.29''', 1.288, 1.254<br /> |-<br /> | 2004 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || government subsidies for infertility treatments began || || 1.318, 1.29, '''1.288''', 1.254, 1.313<br /> |-<br /> | 2006 || [[fertility policy]] || antinatalist || abortion was officially made legal conditional to the mother's consent || No discernible effect, but probably because the law itself didn't change reality on the ground. || 1.288, 1.254, '''1.313''', 1.331, 1.36<br /> |-<br /> | 2014 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || The government announces the goal of maintaining the population at 100 million over the next 50 years, as part of broader economic policies. The plan looks to offset the decline in population by boosting the country’s fertility rate and implementing other measures&lt;[https://www.nippon.com/en/features/h00057/#:~:text=Depopulation%20continues%20to%20be%20a,part%20of%20broader%20economic%20policies].<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Trends in period fertility===<br /> <br /> {{#lst:period fertility in Japan|trends}}<br /> <br /> ===Trends in completed fertility===<br /> <br /> {{#lst:completed fertility in Japan|trends}}<br /> <br /> ==Period fertility==<br /> <br /> {{further|[[period fertility in Japan]]}}<br /> <br /> {{#lst:period fertility in Japan|main}}<br /> <br /> ==Completed fertility==<br /> <br /> {{further|[[completed fertility in Japan]]}}<br /> <br /> {{#lst:completed fertility in Japan|main}}<br /> <br /> ==Other data on fertility==<br /> <br /> * [[Age distribution of mothers at birth in Japan]] includes data on the [[mean age at birth]], [[standard deviation in age at birth]], and [[cohort mean age at birth]].<br /> * [[Tempo-adjusted total fertility rate in Japan]] includes data on the [[tempo-adjusted total fertility rate]].<br /> <br /> ==Fertility broken down further==<br /> <br /> * [[Fertility and education in Japan]]<br /> * [[Fertility by region in Japan]]<br /> * [[Fertility by ethnicity in Japan]]<br /> <br /> ==Other social and demographic indicators related to fertility==<br /> <br /> ===Social structures and policies===<br /> <br /> * [[Family structure in Japan]]<br /> <br /> ===Empirical data on measures related to fertility===<br /> <br /> * [[Demographics of Japan]]<br /> * [[Population trends in Japan]]<br /> * [[Migration in Japan]]<br /> * [[Marriage in Japan]]<br /> * [[Abortion in Japan]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> * {{paperlink|Japan-babybust}}<br /> * {{paperlink|Japan-fertility-by-education}}</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Fertility_in_Japan&diff=1160 2022-05-13T00:00:42Z

<p>Sebastian: /* Qualitative history of fertility-relevant events and trends */</p> <hr /> <div>{{country-specific information|<br /> information type = fertility|<br /> country = Japan}}<br /> <br /> ==Data sources==<br /> <br /> * {{HFD source|country = Japan|country code = JPN|update date = August 8, 2012|download date = December 2, 2013}}<br /> * {{Gapminder standard fertility indicators}}<br /> <br /> ==Key quantitative metrics==<br /> <br /> Unless otherwise specified, data is from the Human Fertility Database, last updated August 2012. <br /> <br /> The &quot;Year&quot; column below gives the period year for period measures, and the [[birth cohort]] year for cohort measures. With the exception of the [[tempo-adjusted total fertility rate]], all latest period measures are for 2009. Latest cohort measures are 1959 or 1969, the former for the completed measures and the latter for the under-40 measures.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;sortable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;<br /> ! Metric !! Direct fertility measure, comparable with [[replacement fertility]] value of 2.1? !! Period measure or cohort measure? !! Most recent measurement !! Year !! Data year range, with link to data !! Maximum in range !! Minimum in range<br /> |-<br /> | [[crude birth rate]] (CBR) || No || Period || 8.5 || 2009 || [[period fertility in Japan#Crude birth rate|1947-2009]] || 34.65&lt;br&gt;(1947) || 8.43&lt;br&gt;(2005)<br /> |-<br /> | [[total fertility rate]] (TFR) || Yes || Period || 1.361 || 2009 || [[period fertility in Japan#Total fertility rate|1947-2009]] || 4.566&lt;br&gt;(1947) || 1.254&lt;br&gt;(2005)<br /> |-<br /> | TFR40 || Yes(ish) ||Period || 1.324 || 2009 || [[Period fertility in Japan|1947-2009]] || 4.252&lt;br&gt;(1947) || 1.228&lt;br&gt;(2005)<br /> |-<br /> | CBR proportions by birth order || No || Period || birth orders 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (and more) (respectively): 0.479, 0.365, 0.126, 0.024, 0.007 || 2009 || [[Period fertility in Japan#Crude birth rate|1968-2009]] || ||<br /> |-<br /> | TFR proportions by birth order || No || Period || birth orders 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (and more) (respectively): 0.495, 0.357, 0.118, 0.022, 0.007 || 2009 || [[Period fertility in Japan#Total fertility rate|1968-2009]] || ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Completed cohort fertility]] || Yes || Cohort || 1.87 || 1959 || [[Completed fertility in Japan#Completed cohort fertility|1932-1959]] || 2.071&lt;br&gt;(1941 &lt;br&gt;cohort) || 1.851&lt;br&gt;(1945&lt;br&gt;cohort)<br /> |-<br /> | CCF40 || Yes(ish) || Cohort || 1.444 || 1969 || [[Completed fertility in Japan|1932-1969]] || 2.062&lt;br&gt;(1941&lt;br&gt;cohort) || 1.444&lt;br&gt;(1969&lt;br&gt;cohort)<br /> |-<br /> | [[Mean age at birth]] || No || Period || 30.44 || 2009 || [[Age distribution of mothers at birth in Japan#Mean age at birth|1947-2009]] || 30.47&lt;br&gt;(1947) || 27.47&lt;br&gt;(1975)<br /> |-<br /> | [[Cohort mean age at birth]] || No || Cohort || 28.64 || 1959 || [[Age distribution of mothers at birth in Japan#Cohort mean age at birth|1953-1959]] || 28.64&lt;br&gt;(1959&lt;br&gt;cohort) || 27.92&lt;br&gt;(1953&lt;br&gt;cohort)<br /> |-<br /> | [[Cohort mean age at birth]] for birth cohorts till the age of 40 (CMAB40) || No || Cohort || 29.55|| 1969 || [[Age distribution of mothers at birth in Japan#Cohort mean age at birth|1953-1969]] || 29.55&lt;br&gt;(1969) || 27.82&lt;br&gt;(1953)<br /> |-<br /> | [[Tempo-adjusted total fertility rate]] (period measure) || Yes || Period || 1.512 || 2008 || [[Tempo-adjusted total fertility rate in Japan|1969-2008]] || 2.045&lt;br&gt;(1969) || 1.369&lt;br&gt;(2005)<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Qualitative history of fertility-relevant events and trends==<br /> <br /> ===Key events===<br /> <br /> See [[Wikipedia:Abortion in Japan]] for the abortion timeline, and [http://www.eastwestcenter.org/fileadmin/stored/pdfs/POPwp118.pdf this paper] for the pro-natalist policy timeline.<br /> {| class=&quot;sortable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;<br /> ! Year !! Type of event !! Direction (pronatalist versus antinatalist) based on intentions and naive reasoning about effects !! Event !! Postulated effects seen in fertility statistics !! [[Total fertility rate]] values in that year and nearby years (relevant year in bold)<br /> |-<br /> | 1869 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || abortion was banned nationwide, but punishment was rare except in cases of adultery or death to the mother || ||<br /> |-<br /> | 1880 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || ban on abortion was included in the penal code || ||<br /> |-<br /> | 1907 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || women could be incarcerated for up to a year for having an abortion; practitioners could be jailed for up to seven. || || <br /> |-<br /> | 1923 || [[fertility policy]] || antinatalist || doctors were granted legal permission to perform emergency abortions to save the mother's life; abortions performed under different, less life-threatening circumstances were still prosecuted. || || <br /> |-<br /> | 1940 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || National Eugenic Law outlined a set of procedures doctors needed to follow in order to get an abortion. || Some commentators claim this was causally responsible for a huge decline in the number of abortions 1941-1944. ||<br /> |-<br /> | 1948 || [[fertility policy]] || antinatalist || passage of [[Eugenic Protection Law]] legalizing abortion and facilitating the provision of family planning services || This may have contributed to the rapid decline in birth rates and fertility in the 1949-1955 period. || 4.566, '''4.444''', 4.357, 3.672<br /> |-<br /> | 1966 || superstition || antinatalist (but temporary) || inauspicious year for births. || sudden dip in fertility rates. || 2.045, 2.145, '''1.579''', 2.224, 2.127<br /> |-<br /> | 1972 || [[family policy]] || pronatalist || The Japanese government, foreseeing that fertility would soon drop to below the [[replacement fertility]] level, introduced a per-child subsidy. || ||<br /> |-<br /> | 1973 || measurement issue || -- || change in data collection modalities || Jumps or discontinuities at this year are likely attributable to the change in data collection modality. || 2.153, 2.138, '''2.135''', 2.04, 1.9<br /> |-<br /> | 1991 || [[family policy]] || pronatalist || Childcare Leave Act passed by Japanese government aimed at helping working mothers || || 1.576, 1.543, '''1.537''', 1.506, 1.464<br /> |-<br /> | 1994 || [[family policy]] || pronatalist || government passed a four-year Angel Plan 1995-99 (officially known as the &quot;Basic Direction for Future Childbearing Support Measures&quot;) with the primary goal being to establish more day-care centers to make parenting easier (and thereby, more attractive) || || 1.506, 1.464, '''1.507''', 1.426, 1.43<br /> |-<br /> | 1996 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || replacement of the Eugenic Protection Law by the Maternal Health Protection Law, making abortion illegal except in case the fetus had significant defects or in case of danger to the mother's health || No discernible effect, but probably because the law itself didn't change reality on the ground. || 1.507, 1.426, '''1.43''', 1.392, 1.388<br /> |-<br /> | 1999 || [[family policy]] || pronatalist || government passed a New Angel Plan building on the earlier Angel Plan, to build more day-care centers and after-school support. || || 1.392, 1.388, '''1.347''', 1.318, 1.29<br /> |-<br /> | 1999 || [[fertility policy]] || antinatalist || birth control pills were legalized, see [http://www.nbcnews.com/id/5726375/#.UvuvUoXl68w here] || No discernible effect || 1.392, 1.388, '''1.347''', 1.318, 1.29<br /> |-<br /> | 2001 || [[family policy]] || pronatalist || Employment Insurance Law was amended, specifying that 40% salary was to be paid to regular full-time employees on childcare leave || || 1.347, 1.359, '''1.336''', 1.318, 1.29<br /> |-<br /> | 2002 || [[family policy]] || pronatalist || &quot;Plus One&quot; plan announced by the government, encouraging fathers to take five-day paternity leave following childbirth || || 1.359, 1.336, '''1.318''', 1.29, 1.288<br /> |-<br /> | 2003 || diffuse, mix of family policy and fertility policy || pronatalist || Japanese government passed &quot;Next Generation&quot; law and &quot;Law for Measures to Support the Development of the Next Generation.&quot; These required any business with more than 300 workers to create a &quot;plan&quot; for raising the fertility level of its workers || || 1.336, 1.318, '''1.29''', 1.288, 1.254<br /> |-<br /> | 2004 || [[fertility policy]] || pronatalist || government subsidies for infertility treatments began || || 1.318, 1.29, '''1.288''', 1.254, 1.313<br /> |-<br /> | 2006 || [[fertility policy]] || antinatalist || abortion was officially made legal conditional to the mother's consent || No discernible effect, but probably because the law itself didn't change reality on the ground. || 1.288, 1.254, '''1.313''', 1.331, 1.36<br /> |-<br /> | 2014 || || pronatalist || The government announces the goal of maintaining the population at 100 million over the next 50 years, as part of broader economic policies. The plan looks to offset the decline in population by boosting the country’s fertility rate and implementing other measures&lt;cite&gt;[https://www.nippon.com/en/features/h00057/#:~:text=Depopulation%20continues%20to%20be%20a,part%20of%20broader%20economic%20policies. Fighting Population Decline, Japan Aims to Stay at 100 Million]&lt;/cite&gt;.<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Trends in period fertility===<br /> <br /> {{#lst:period fertility in Japan|trends}}<br /> <br /> ===Trends in completed fertility===<br /> <br /> {{#lst:completed fertility in Japan|trends}}<br /> <br /> ==Period fertility==<br /> <br /> {{further|[[period fertility in Japan]]}}<br /> <br /> {{#lst:period fertility in Japan|main}}<br /> <br /> ==Completed fertility==<br /> <br /> {{further|[[completed fertility in Japan]]}}<br /> <br /> {{#lst:completed fertility in Japan|main}}<br /> <br /> ==Other data on fertility==<br /> <br /> * [[Age distribution of mothers at birth in Japan]] includes data on the [[mean age at birth]], [[standard deviation in age at birth]], and [[cohort mean age at birth]].<br /> * [[Tempo-adjusted total fertility rate in Japan]] includes data on the [[tempo-adjusted total fertility rate]].<br /> <br /> ==Fertility broken down further==<br /> <br /> * [[Fertility and education in Japan]]<br /> * [[Fertility by region in Japan]]<br /> * [[Fertility by ethnicity in Japan]]<br /> <br /> ==Other social and demographic indicators related to fertility==<br /> <br /> ===Social structures and policies===<br /> <br /> * [[Family structure in Japan]]<br /> <br /> ===Empirical data on measures related to fertility===<br /> <br /> * [[Demographics of Japan]]<br /> * [[Population trends in Japan]]<br /> * [[Migration in Japan]]<br /> * [[Marriage in Japan]]<br /> * [[Abortion in Japan]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> * {{paperlink|Japan-babybust}}<br /> * {{paperlink|Japan-fertility-by-education}}</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Migration_in_India&diff=1159 2021-10-22T21:12:43Z

<p>Sebastian: </p> <hr /> <div>According to the 2001 census, about 307 million people have been reported as migrant by place of birth in India. About 259 million (84.2% of migrants), migrated from on e part of the state to another, i.e., from one village or town to another village or town, and 42 million (2%) migrated from outside the country.&lt;ref name=a&gt;[https://censusindia.gov.in/census_and_you/migrations.aspx]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> * [https://censusindia.gov.in/Data_Products/Data_Highlights/Data_Highlights_link/data_highlights_D1D2D3.pdf]<br /> <br /> == References ==</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sebastian&diff=1158 2021-10-22T21:07:38Z

<p>Sebastian: </p> <hr /> <div>* Read this [https://groupprops.subwiki.org/wiki/Groupprops:Groupprops_versus_Wikipedia].<br /> <br /> == Questions ==<br /> <br /> * What effect did natalist policies produce in the birth rates of the countries where they were applied?<br /> * How can the human carrying capacity be increased by the use of technology?<br /> <br /> == Currently editing ==<br /> <br /> * [[Migration in India]]<br /> * [[Pro-natalist policy]]<br /> <br /> <br /> == TODO/TO PROPOSE ==<br /> <br /> * Migration per country (I could start with Argentina)<br /> ** Internal migration<br /> ** Immigration<br /> ** Emigration<br /> * [[Carrying capacity]]<br /> * [[Closed population]]<br /> * [[Anti-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[models of mortality]]<br /> * [[Brass relational logits]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Page model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life tables]]<br /> * [[Baby Bust]] (A rapid decline in U.S. fertility rates to record-low levels during the period immediately after the baby boom.)<br /> * [[Balancing Equation]]<br /> * [[Family policy in Russia]]<br /> * [[Family policy in India]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life table]]<br /> * [[Brass's relational logit]]<br /> <br /> == TO REVIEW ==<br /> <br /> * [[Religion and fertility]]<br /> * [[Period fertility in Estonia]]<br /> * [[CFR]]<br /> * [[Zero population growth]]<br /> * [[General fertility rate]]<br /> * [[Age-specific fertility rate]]<br /> * [[Unintended pregnancy rate]]<br /> * [[Fertility in Ukraine]]<br /> * [[Education in Japan]]<br /> * [[Explanations for marriage levels and trends]]<br /> * [[Family planning]]<br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> <br /> * [https://www.prb.org/glossary/ glossary]<br /> *[https://www.demogr.mpg.de/en/about_us_6113/what_is_demography_6674/glossary_of_demographic_terms_6982/ glossary]<br /> * [http://www.iiep.unesco.org/sites/default/files/glossary_demographic_terms.pdf glossary]<br /> * [https://population.un.org/wpp/GlossaryOfDemographicTerms/ glossary]<br /> * [https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/778779a4-33a6-4932-adce-e9c32c2fce01/resource/6ab2224d-6738-4cb8-b15f-5f5d82341295/download/osi-demographic-glossary-of-terms.pdf glossary]<br /> * [https://observatoryofdemography.blogs.ie.edu/demography-generational-diversity/terminology/ glossary]<br /> * [https://populationmatters.org/glossary glossary]</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Migration_in_India&diff=1157 2021-10-22T20:59:15Z

<p>Sebastian: </p> <hr /> <div>According to the 2001 census, about 307 million people have been reported as migrant by place of birth in India. About 259 million (84.2% of migrants), migrated from on e part of the state to another, i.e., from one village or town to another village or town, and 42 million (2%) migrated from outside the country.&lt;ref name=a&gt;[https://censusindia.gov.in/census_and_you/migrations.aspx]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Migration_in_India&diff=1156 2021-10-22T20:59:01Z

<p>Sebastian: Created page with &quot;According to the 2001 census, about 307 million people have been reported as migrant by place of birth in India. About 259 million (84.2% of migrants), migrated from on e part...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>According to the 2001 census, about 307 million people have been reported as migrant by place of birth in India. About 259 million (84.2% of migrants), migrated from on e part of the state to another, i.e., from one village or town to another village or town, and 42 million (2%) migrated from outside the country.&lt;ref name=a&gt;[https://censusindia.gov.in/census_and_you/migrations.aspx]&lt;/ref&gt;</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sebastian&diff=1155 2021-10-22T20:55:45Z

<p>Sebastian: /* TODO/TO PROPOSE */</p> <hr /> <div>* Read this [https://groupprops.subwiki.org/wiki/Groupprops:Groupprops_versus_Wikipedia].<br /> <br /> == Questions ==<br /> <br /> * What effect did natalist policies produce in the birth rates of the countries where they were applied?<br /> * How can the human carrying capacity be increased by the use of technology?<br /> <br /> <br /> == TODO/TO PROPOSE ==<br /> <br /> * Migration per country (I could start with Argentina)<br /> ** Internal migration<br /> ** Immigration<br /> ** Emigration<br /> * [[Migration in India]]<br /> * [[Carrying capacity]]<br /> * [[Closed population]]<br /> * [[Pro-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[Anti-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[models of mortality]]<br /> * [[Brass relational logits]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Page model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life tables]]<br /> * [[Baby Bust]] (A rapid decline in U.S. fertility rates to record-low levels during the period immediately after the baby boom.)<br /> * [[Balancing Equation]]<br /> * [[Family policy in Russia]]<br /> * [[Family policy in India]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life table]]<br /> * [[Brass's relational logit]]<br /> <br /> == TO REVIEW ==<br /> <br /> * [[Religion and fertility]]<br /> * [[Period fertility in Estonia]]<br /> * [[CFR]]<br /> * [[Zero population growth]]<br /> * [[General fertility rate]]<br /> * [[Age-specific fertility rate]]<br /> * [[Unintended pregnancy rate]]<br /> * [[Fertility in Ukraine]]<br /> * [[Education in Japan]]<br /> * [[Explanations for marriage levels and trends]]<br /> * [[Family planning]]<br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> <br /> * [https://www.prb.org/glossary/ glossary]<br /> *[https://www.demogr.mpg.de/en/about_us_6113/what_is_demography_6674/glossary_of_demographic_terms_6982/ glossary]<br /> * [http://www.iiep.unesco.org/sites/default/files/glossary_demographic_terms.pdf glossary]<br /> * [https://population.un.org/wpp/GlossaryOfDemographicTerms/ glossary]<br /> * [https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/778779a4-33a6-4932-adce-e9c32c2fce01/resource/6ab2224d-6738-4cb8-b15f-5f5d82341295/download/osi-demographic-glossary-of-terms.pdf glossary]<br /> * [https://observatoryofdemography.blogs.ie.edu/demography-generational-diversity/terminology/ glossary]<br /> * [https://populationmatters.org/glossary glossary]</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sebastian&diff=1154 2021-10-22T20:42:21Z

<p>Sebastian: /* TODO/TO PROPOSE */</p> <hr /> <div>* Read this [https://groupprops.subwiki.org/wiki/Groupprops:Groupprops_versus_Wikipedia].<br /> <br /> == Questions ==<br /> <br /> * What effect did natalist policies produce in the birth rates of the countries where they were applied?<br /> * How can the human carrying capacity be increased by the use of technology?<br /> <br /> <br /> == TODO/TO PROPOSE ==<br /> <br /> * Migration per country (I could start with Argentina)<br /> ** Internal migration<br /> ** Immigration<br /> ** Emigration<br /> * [[Carrying capacity]]<br /> * [[Closed population]]<br /> * [[Pro-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[Anti-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[models of mortality]]<br /> * [[Brass relational logits]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Page model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life tables]]<br /> * [[Baby Bust]] (A rapid decline in U.S. fertility rates to record-low levels during the period immediately after the baby boom.)<br /> * [[Balancing Equation]]<br /> * [[Family policy in Russia]]<br /> * [[Family policy in India]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life table]]<br /> * [[Brass's relational logit]]<br /> <br /> == TO REVIEW ==<br /> <br /> * [[Religion and fertility]]<br /> * [[Period fertility in Estonia]]<br /> * [[CFR]]<br /> * [[Zero population growth]]<br /> * [[General fertility rate]]<br /> * [[Age-specific fertility rate]]<br /> * [[Unintended pregnancy rate]]<br /> * [[Fertility in Ukraine]]<br /> * [[Education in Japan]]<br /> * [[Explanations for marriage levels and trends]]<br /> * [[Family planning]]<br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> <br /> * [https://www.prb.org/glossary/ glossary]<br /> *[https://www.demogr.mpg.de/en/about_us_6113/what_is_demography_6674/glossary_of_demographic_terms_6982/ glossary]<br /> * [http://www.iiep.unesco.org/sites/default/files/glossary_demographic_terms.pdf glossary]<br /> * [https://population.un.org/wpp/GlossaryOfDemographicTerms/ glossary]<br /> * [https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/778779a4-33a6-4932-adce-e9c32c2fce01/resource/6ab2224d-6738-4cb8-b15f-5f5d82341295/download/osi-demographic-glossary-of-terms.pdf glossary]<br /> * [https://observatoryofdemography.blogs.ie.edu/demography-generational-diversity/terminology/ glossary]<br /> * [https://populationmatters.org/glossary glossary]</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sebastian&diff=1153 2021-10-22T20:24:02Z

<p>Sebastian: /* TO REVIEW */</p> <hr /> <div>* Read this [https://groupprops.subwiki.org/wiki/Groupprops:Groupprops_versus_Wikipedia].<br /> <br /> == Questions ==<br /> <br /> * What effect did natalist policies produce in the birth rates of the countries where they were applied?<br /> * How can the human carrying capacity be increased by the use of technology?<br /> <br /> <br /> == TODO/TO PROPOSE ==<br /> <br /> * Migration per country (I could start with Argentina)<br /> * [[Carrying capacity]]<br /> * [[Closed population]]<br /> * [[Pro-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[Anti-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[models of mortality]]<br /> * [[Brass relational logits]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Page model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life tables]]<br /> * [[Baby Bust]] (A rapid decline in U.S. fertility rates to record-low levels during the period immediately after the baby boom.)<br /> * [[Balancing Equation]]<br /> * [[Family policy in Russia]]<br /> * [[Family policy in India]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life table]]<br /> * [[Brass's relational logit]]<br /> <br /> == TO REVIEW ==<br /> <br /> * [[Religion and fertility]]<br /> * [[Period fertility in Estonia]]<br /> * [[CFR]]<br /> * [[Zero population growth]]<br /> * [[General fertility rate]]<br /> * [[Age-specific fertility rate]]<br /> * [[Unintended pregnancy rate]]<br /> * [[Fertility in Ukraine]]<br /> * [[Education in Japan]]<br /> * [[Explanations for marriage levels and trends]]<br /> * [[Family planning]]<br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> <br /> * [https://www.prb.org/glossary/ glossary]<br /> *[https://www.demogr.mpg.de/en/about_us_6113/what_is_demography_6674/glossary_of_demographic_terms_6982/ glossary]<br /> * [http://www.iiep.unesco.org/sites/default/files/glossary_demographic_terms.pdf glossary]<br /> * [https://population.un.org/wpp/GlossaryOfDemographicTerms/ glossary]<br /> * [https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/778779a4-33a6-4932-adce-e9c32c2fce01/resource/6ab2224d-6738-4cb8-b15f-5f5d82341295/download/osi-demographic-glossary-of-terms.pdf glossary]<br /> * [https://observatoryofdemography.blogs.ie.edu/demography-generational-diversity/terminology/ glossary]<br /> * [https://populationmatters.org/glossary glossary]</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sebastian&diff=1152 2021-10-22T20:21:46Z

<p>Sebastian: /* TO REVIEW */</p> <hr /> <div>* Read this [https://groupprops.subwiki.org/wiki/Groupprops:Groupprops_versus_Wikipedia].<br /> <br /> == Questions ==<br /> <br /> * What effect did natalist policies produce in the birth rates of the countries where they were applied?<br /> * How can the human carrying capacity be increased by the use of technology?<br /> <br /> <br /> == TODO/TO PROPOSE ==<br /> <br /> * Migration per country (I could start with Argentina)<br /> * [[Carrying capacity]]<br /> * [[Closed population]]<br /> * [[Pro-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[Anti-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[models of mortality]]<br /> * [[Brass relational logits]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Page model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life tables]]<br /> * [[Baby Bust]] (A rapid decline in U.S. fertility rates to record-low levels during the period immediately after the baby boom.)<br /> * [[Balancing Equation]]<br /> * [[Family policy in Russia]]<br /> * [[Family policy in India]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life table]]<br /> * [[Brass's relational logit]]<br /> <br /> == TO REVIEW ==<br /> <br /> * [[Religion and fertility]]<br /> * [[Period fertility in Estonia]]<br /> * [[CFR]]<br /> * [[Zero population growth]]<br /> * [[General fertility rate]]<br /> * [[Age-specific fertility rate]]<br /> * [[Unintended pregnancy rate]]<br /> * [[Fertility in Ukraine]]<br /> * [[Education in Japan]]<br /> * [[Explanations for marriage levels and trends]]<br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> <br /> * [https://www.prb.org/glossary/ glossary]<br /> *[https://www.demogr.mpg.de/en/about_us_6113/what_is_demography_6674/glossary_of_demographic_terms_6982/ glossary]<br /> * [http://www.iiep.unesco.org/sites/default/files/glossary_demographic_terms.pdf glossary]<br /> * [https://population.un.org/wpp/GlossaryOfDemographicTerms/ glossary]<br /> * [https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/778779a4-33a6-4932-adce-e9c32c2fce01/resource/6ab2224d-6738-4cb8-b15f-5f5d82341295/download/osi-demographic-glossary-of-terms.pdf glossary]<br /> * [https://observatoryofdemography.blogs.ie.edu/demography-generational-diversity/terminology/ glossary]<br /> * [https://populationmatters.org/glossary glossary]</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sebastian&diff=1151 2021-10-22T20:17:21Z

<p>Sebastian: /* TO REVIEW */</p> <hr /> <div>* Read this [https://groupprops.subwiki.org/wiki/Groupprops:Groupprops_versus_Wikipedia].<br /> <br /> == Questions ==<br /> <br /> * What effect did natalist policies produce in the birth rates of the countries where they were applied?<br /> * How can the human carrying capacity be increased by the use of technology?<br /> <br /> <br /> == TODO/TO PROPOSE ==<br /> <br /> * Migration per country (I could start with Argentina)<br /> * [[Carrying capacity]]<br /> * [[Closed population]]<br /> * [[Pro-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[Anti-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[models of mortality]]<br /> * [[Brass relational logits]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Page model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life tables]]<br /> * [[Baby Bust]] (A rapid decline in U.S. fertility rates to record-low levels during the period immediately after the baby boom.)<br /> * [[Balancing Equation]]<br /> * [[Family policy in Russia]]<br /> * [[Family policy in India]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life table]]<br /> * [[Brass's relational logit]]<br /> <br /> == TO REVIEW ==<br /> <br /> * [[Religion and fertility]]<br /> * [[Period fertility in Estonia]]<br /> * [[CFR]]<br /> * [[Zero population growth]]<br /> * [[General fertility rate]]<br /> * [[Age-specific fertility rate]]<br /> * [[Unintended pregnancy rate]]<br /> * [[Fertility in Ukraine]]<br /> * [[Education in Japan]]<br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> <br /> * [https://www.prb.org/glossary/ glossary]<br /> *[https://www.demogr.mpg.de/en/about_us_6113/what_is_demography_6674/glossary_of_demographic_terms_6982/ glossary]<br /> * [http://www.iiep.unesco.org/sites/default/files/glossary_demographic_terms.pdf glossary]<br /> * [https://population.un.org/wpp/GlossaryOfDemographicTerms/ glossary]<br /> * [https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/778779a4-33a6-4932-adce-e9c32c2fce01/resource/6ab2224d-6738-4cb8-b15f-5f5d82341295/download/osi-demographic-glossary-of-terms.pdf glossary]<br /> * [https://observatoryofdemography.blogs.ie.edu/demography-generational-diversity/terminology/ glossary]<br /> * [https://populationmatters.org/glossary glossary]</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sebastian&diff=1150 2021-10-22T20:15:19Z

<p>Sebastian: /* TO REVIEW */</p> <hr /> <div>* Read this [https://groupprops.subwiki.org/wiki/Groupprops:Groupprops_versus_Wikipedia].<br /> <br /> == Questions ==<br /> <br /> * What effect did natalist policies produce in the birth rates of the countries where they were applied?<br /> * How can the human carrying capacity be increased by the use of technology?<br /> <br /> <br /> == TODO/TO PROPOSE ==<br /> <br /> * Migration per country (I could start with Argentina)<br /> * [[Carrying capacity]]<br /> * [[Closed population]]<br /> * [[Pro-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[Anti-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[models of mortality]]<br /> * [[Brass relational logits]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Page model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life tables]]<br /> * [[Baby Bust]] (A rapid decline in U.S. fertility rates to record-low levels during the period immediately after the baby boom.)<br /> * [[Balancing Equation]]<br /> * [[Family policy in Russia]]<br /> * [[Family policy in India]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life table]]<br /> * [[Brass's relational logit]]<br /> <br /> == TO REVIEW ==<br /> <br /> * [[Religion and fertility]]<br /> * [[Period fertility in Estonia]]<br /> * [[CFR]]<br /> * [[Zero population growth]]<br /> * [[General fertility rate]]<br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> <br /> * [https://www.prb.org/glossary/ glossary]<br /> *[https://www.demogr.mpg.de/en/about_us_6113/what_is_demography_6674/glossary_of_demographic_terms_6982/ glossary]<br /> * [http://www.iiep.unesco.org/sites/default/files/glossary_demographic_terms.pdf glossary]<br /> * [https://population.un.org/wpp/GlossaryOfDemographicTerms/ glossary]<br /> * [https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/778779a4-33a6-4932-adce-e9c32c2fce01/resource/6ab2224d-6738-4cb8-b15f-5f5d82341295/download/osi-demographic-glossary-of-terms.pdf glossary]<br /> * [https://observatoryofdemography.blogs.ie.edu/demography-generational-diversity/terminology/ glossary]<br /> * [https://populationmatters.org/glossary glossary]</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sebastian&diff=1149 2021-10-22T20:14:59Z

<p>Sebastian: /* TO REVIEW */</p> <hr /> <div>* Read this [https://groupprops.subwiki.org/wiki/Groupprops:Groupprops_versus_Wikipedia].<br /> <br /> == Questions ==<br /> <br /> * What effect did natalist policies produce in the birth rates of the countries where they were applied?<br /> * How can the human carrying capacity be increased by the use of technology?<br /> <br /> <br /> == TODO/TO PROPOSE ==<br /> <br /> * Migration per country (I could start with Argentina)<br /> * [[Carrying capacity]]<br /> * [[Closed population]]<br /> * [[Pro-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[Anti-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[models of mortality]]<br /> * [[Brass relational logits]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Page model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life tables]]<br /> * [[Baby Bust]] (A rapid decline in U.S. fertility rates to record-low levels during the period immediately after the baby boom.)<br /> * [[Balancing Equation]]<br /> * [[Family policy in Russia]]<br /> * [[Family policy in India]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life table]]<br /> * [[Brass's relational logit]]<br /> <br /> == TO REVIEW ==<br /> <br /> * [[Religion and fertility]]<br /> * [[Period fertility in Estonia]]<br /> * [[CFR]]<br /> * [[Zero population growth]]<br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> <br /> * [https://www.prb.org/glossary/ glossary]<br /> *[https://www.demogr.mpg.de/en/about_us_6113/what_is_demography_6674/glossary_of_demographic_terms_6982/ glossary]<br /> * [http://www.iiep.unesco.org/sites/default/files/glossary_demographic_terms.pdf glossary]<br /> * [https://population.un.org/wpp/GlossaryOfDemographicTerms/ glossary]<br /> * [https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/778779a4-33a6-4932-adce-e9c32c2fce01/resource/6ab2224d-6738-4cb8-b15f-5f5d82341295/download/osi-demographic-glossary-of-terms.pdf glossary]<br /> * [https://observatoryofdemography.blogs.ie.edu/demography-generational-diversity/terminology/ glossary]<br /> * [https://populationmatters.org/glossary glossary]</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sebastian&diff=1148 2021-10-22T20:14:28Z

<p>Sebastian: /* TO REVIEW */</p> <hr /> <div>* Read this [https://groupprops.subwiki.org/wiki/Groupprops:Groupprops_versus_Wikipedia].<br /> <br /> == Questions ==<br /> <br /> * What effect did natalist policies produce in the birth rates of the countries where they were applied?<br /> * How can the human carrying capacity be increased by the use of technology?<br /> <br /> <br /> == TODO/TO PROPOSE ==<br /> <br /> * Migration per country (I could start with Argentina)<br /> * [[Carrying capacity]]<br /> * [[Closed population]]<br /> * [[Pro-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[Anti-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[models of mortality]]<br /> * [[Brass relational logits]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Page model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life tables]]<br /> * [[Baby Bust]] (A rapid decline in U.S. fertility rates to record-low levels during the period immediately after the baby boom.)<br /> * [[Balancing Equation]]<br /> * [[Family policy in Russia]]<br /> * [[Family policy in India]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life table]]<br /> * [[Brass's relational logit]]<br /> <br /> == TO REVIEW ==<br /> <br /> * [[Religion and fertility]]<br /> * [[Period fertility in Estonia]]<br /> * [[CFR]]<br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> <br /> * [https://www.prb.org/glossary/ glossary]<br /> *[https://www.demogr.mpg.de/en/about_us_6113/what_is_demography_6674/glossary_of_demographic_terms_6982/ glossary]<br /> * [http://www.iiep.unesco.org/sites/default/files/glossary_demographic_terms.pdf glossary]<br /> * [https://population.un.org/wpp/GlossaryOfDemographicTerms/ glossary]<br /> * [https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/778779a4-33a6-4932-adce-e9c32c2fce01/resource/6ab2224d-6738-4cb8-b15f-5f5d82341295/download/osi-demographic-glossary-of-terms.pdf glossary]<br /> * [https://observatoryofdemography.blogs.ie.edu/demography-generational-diversity/terminology/ glossary]<br /> * [https://populationmatters.org/glossary glossary]</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sebastian&diff=1147 2021-10-22T20:13:59Z

<p>Sebastian: </p> <hr /> <div>* Read this [https://groupprops.subwiki.org/wiki/Groupprops:Groupprops_versus_Wikipedia].<br /> <br /> == Questions ==<br /> <br /> * What effect did natalist policies produce in the birth rates of the countries where they were applied?<br /> * How can the human carrying capacity be increased by the use of technology?<br /> <br /> <br /> == TODO/TO PROPOSE ==<br /> <br /> * Migration per country (I could start with Argentina)<br /> * [[Carrying capacity]]<br /> * [[Closed population]]<br /> * [[Pro-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[Anti-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[models of mortality]]<br /> * [[Brass relational logits]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Page model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life tables]]<br /> * [[Baby Bust]] (A rapid decline in U.S. fertility rates to record-low levels during the period immediately after the baby boom.)<br /> * [[Balancing Equation]]<br /> * [[Family policy in Russia]]<br /> * [[Family policy in India]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life table]]<br /> * [[Brass's relational logit]]<br /> <br /> == TO REVIEW ==<br /> <br /> * [[Religion and fertility]]<br /> * [[Period fertility in Estonia]]<br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> <br /> * [https://www.prb.org/glossary/ glossary]<br /> *[https://www.demogr.mpg.de/en/about_us_6113/what_is_demography_6674/glossary_of_demographic_terms_6982/ glossary]<br /> * [http://www.iiep.unesco.org/sites/default/files/glossary_demographic_terms.pdf glossary]<br /> * [https://population.un.org/wpp/GlossaryOfDemographicTerms/ glossary]<br /> * [https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/778779a4-33a6-4932-adce-e9c32c2fce01/resource/6ab2224d-6738-4cb8-b15f-5f5d82341295/download/osi-demographic-glossary-of-terms.pdf glossary]<br /> * [https://observatoryofdemography.blogs.ie.edu/demography-generational-diversity/terminology/ glossary]<br /> * [https://populationmatters.org/glossary glossary]</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Pro-natalist_policy&diff=1146 2021-10-22T19:47:56Z

<p>Sebastian: /* Cases */</p> <hr /> <div>A pro-natalist policy is a program a government may adopt in order to encourage a higher birthrate of its population.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?|url=https://www.mytutor.co.uk/answers/3863/GCSE/Geography/What-is-the-difference-between-pro-natalist-policies-and-anti-natalist-policies|website=mytutor.co.uk|accessdate=9 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> == Cases ==<br /> <br /> === France ===<br /> <br /> Concerned about professional women choosing not to have children, the French Government launched a plan to encourage three-children families, by offering a number of incentives, sonsisting in cash (£675 monthly, nearly the minimum wage) for a mother to stay off work for one year following the birth of her third child, large reductions on train fares, less tax to pay for families with more children, three years paid parental leave, which can be used by mothers or fathers, subsidized daycare for children under the age of three, and full time school places for over threes paid for by the government. These policies had a positive impact in the fertility rate of France, which is one of the highest in Europe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Case study of pro-natalist policy: France - Managing population change - GCSE Geography Revision |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3grsg8/revision/5 |website=BBC Bitesize |access-date=18 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Hungary ===<br /> <br /> * [https://thefederalist.com/2019/08/13/hungarians-likely-get-30000-three-kids/]<br /> <br /> === Poland ===<br /> <br /> * [https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?langId=en&amp;catId=1246&amp;newsId=9104&amp;furtherNews=yes]<br /> <br /> === Greece ===<br /> <br /> === South Korea ===<br /> <br /> * [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-08-03/south-korea-is-trying-to-boost-its-birth-rate-it-s-not-working]<br /> <br /> === Japan ===<br /> <br /> * [https://qz.com/1646740/japan-wants-to-raise-its-fertility-rate-with-new-perks/]<br /> <br /> === Finland ===<br /> <br /> * [https://www.npr.org/2020/02/05/803051237/finlands-women-led-government-has-equalized-family-leave-7-months-for-each-paren]<br /> <br /> === Latvia ===<br /> <br /> * [https://www.firstthings.com/web-exclusives/2019/05/tradition-and-fertility-in-eastern-europe]<br /> <br /> === Russia ===<br /> [[w:Day of conception|Day of conception]]<br /> <br /> === Singapore ===<br /> <br /> Under the slogan &quot;Have three or more!&quot;, Singapore pushed a campaign in 1988 offering 12 weeks maternity leave for mothers of 4+ children. The government also offered larger and larger child benefits for each child a family had.<br /> The program was aimed at tackling the fall in birthrate due to men and women deciding not to have families, and persue a career instead.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> === United States ===<br /> <br /> == References ==</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Pro-natalist_policy&diff=1145 2021-10-22T19:42:06Z

<p>Sebastian: /* Latvia */</p> <hr /> <div>A pro-natalist policy is a program a government may adopt in order to encourage a higher birthrate of its population.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?|url=https://www.mytutor.co.uk/answers/3863/GCSE/Geography/What-is-the-difference-between-pro-natalist-policies-and-anti-natalist-policies|website=mytutor.co.uk|accessdate=9 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> == Cases ==<br /> <br /> === France ===<br /> <br /> Concerned about professional women choosing not to have children, the French Government launched a plan to encourage three-children families, by offering a number of incentives, sonsisting in cash (£675 monthly, nearly the minimum wage) for a mother to stay off work for one year following the birth of her third child, large reductions on train fares, less tax to pay for families with more children, three years paid parental leave, which can be used by mothers or fathers, subsidized daycare for children under the age of three, and full time school places for over threes paid for by the government. These policies had a positive impact in the fertility rate of France, which is one of the highest in Europe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Case study of pro-natalist policy: France - Managing population change - GCSE Geography Revision |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3grsg8/revision/5 |website=BBC Bitesize |access-date=18 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Hungary ===<br /> <br /> * [https://thefederalist.com/2019/08/13/hungarians-likely-get-30000-three-kids/]<br /> <br /> === Poland ===<br /> <br /> * [https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?langId=en&amp;catId=1246&amp;newsId=9104&amp;furtherNews=yes]<br /> <br /> === Greece ===<br /> <br /> === South Korea ===<br /> <br /> * [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-08-03/south-korea-is-trying-to-boost-its-birth-rate-it-s-not-working]<br /> <br /> === Japan ===<br /> <br /> * [https://qz.com/1646740/japan-wants-to-raise-its-fertility-rate-with-new-perks/]<br /> <br /> === Finland ===<br /> <br /> * [https://www.npr.org/2020/02/05/803051237/finlands-women-led-government-has-equalized-family-leave-7-months-for-each-paren]<br /> <br /> === Latvia ===<br /> <br /> * [https://www.firstthings.com/web-exclusives/2019/05/tradition-and-fertility-in-eastern-europe]<br /> <br /> === Russia ===<br /> [[w:Day of conception|Day of conception]]<br /> <br /> === Singapore ===<br /> <br /> Under the slogan &quot;Have three or more!&quot;, Singapore pushed a campaign in 1988 offering 12 weeks maternity leave for mothers of 4+ children. The government also offered larger and larger child benefits for each child a family had.<br /> The program was aimed at tackling the fall in birthrate due to men and women deciding not to have families, and persue a career instead.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Pro-natalist_policy&diff=1144 2021-10-22T19:41:34Z

<p>Sebastian: /* Japan */</p> <hr /> <div>A pro-natalist policy is a program a government may adopt in order to encourage a higher birthrate of its population.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?|url=https://www.mytutor.co.uk/answers/3863/GCSE/Geography/What-is-the-difference-between-pro-natalist-policies-and-anti-natalist-policies|website=mytutor.co.uk|accessdate=9 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> == Cases ==<br /> <br /> === France ===<br /> <br /> Concerned about professional women choosing not to have children, the French Government launched a plan to encourage three-children families, by offering a number of incentives, sonsisting in cash (£675 monthly, nearly the minimum wage) for a mother to stay off work for one year following the birth of her third child, large reductions on train fares, less tax to pay for families with more children, three years paid parental leave, which can be used by mothers or fathers, subsidized daycare for children under the age of three, and full time school places for over threes paid for by the government. These policies had a positive impact in the fertility rate of France, which is one of the highest in Europe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Case study of pro-natalist policy: France - Managing population change - GCSE Geography Revision |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3grsg8/revision/5 |website=BBC Bitesize |access-date=18 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Hungary ===<br /> <br /> * [https://thefederalist.com/2019/08/13/hungarians-likely-get-30000-three-kids/]<br /> <br /> === Poland ===<br /> <br /> * [https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?langId=en&amp;catId=1246&amp;newsId=9104&amp;furtherNews=yes]<br /> <br /> === Greece ===<br /> <br /> === South Korea ===<br /> <br /> * [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-08-03/south-korea-is-trying-to-boost-its-birth-rate-it-s-not-working]<br /> <br /> === Japan ===<br /> <br /> * [https://qz.com/1646740/japan-wants-to-raise-its-fertility-rate-with-new-perks/]<br /> <br /> === Finland ===<br /> <br /> * [https://www.npr.org/2020/02/05/803051237/finlands-women-led-government-has-equalized-family-leave-7-months-for-each-paren]<br /> <br /> === Latvia ===<br /> <br /> === Russia ===<br /> [[w:Day of conception|Day of conception]]<br /> <br /> === Singapore ===<br /> <br /> Under the slogan &quot;Have three or more!&quot;, Singapore pushed a campaign in 1988 offering 12 weeks maternity leave for mothers of 4+ children. The government also offered larger and larger child benefits for each child a family had.<br /> The program was aimed at tackling the fall in birthrate due to men and women deciding not to have families, and persue a career instead.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Pro-natalist_policy&diff=1143 2021-10-22T19:41:23Z

<p>Sebastian: /* Finland */</p> <hr /> <div>A pro-natalist policy is a program a government may adopt in order to encourage a higher birthrate of its population.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?|url=https://www.mytutor.co.uk/answers/3863/GCSE/Geography/What-is-the-difference-between-pro-natalist-policies-and-anti-natalist-policies|website=mytutor.co.uk|accessdate=9 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> == Cases ==<br /> <br /> === France ===<br /> <br /> Concerned about professional women choosing not to have children, the French Government launched a plan to encourage three-children families, by offering a number of incentives, sonsisting in cash (£675 monthly, nearly the minimum wage) for a mother to stay off work for one year following the birth of her third child, large reductions on train fares, less tax to pay for families with more children, three years paid parental leave, which can be used by mothers or fathers, subsidized daycare for children under the age of three, and full time school places for over threes paid for by the government. These policies had a positive impact in the fertility rate of France, which is one of the highest in Europe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Case study of pro-natalist policy: France - Managing population change - GCSE Geography Revision |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3grsg8/revision/5 |website=BBC Bitesize |access-date=18 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Hungary ===<br /> <br /> * [https://thefederalist.com/2019/08/13/hungarians-likely-get-30000-three-kids/]<br /> <br /> === Poland ===<br /> <br /> * [https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?langId=en&amp;catId=1246&amp;newsId=9104&amp;furtherNews=yes]<br /> <br /> === Greece ===<br /> <br /> === South Korea ===<br /> <br /> * [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-08-03/south-korea-is-trying-to-boost-its-birth-rate-it-s-not-working]<br /> <br /> === Japan ===<br /> <br /> * https://qz.com/1646740/japan-wants-to-raise-its-fertility-rate-with-new-perks/]<br /> <br /> === Finland ===<br /> <br /> * [https://www.npr.org/2020/02/05/803051237/finlands-women-led-government-has-equalized-family-leave-7-months-for-each-paren]<br /> <br /> === Latvia ===<br /> <br /> === Russia ===<br /> [[w:Day of conception|Day of conception]]<br /> <br /> === Singapore ===<br /> <br /> Under the slogan &quot;Have three or more!&quot;, Singapore pushed a campaign in 1988 offering 12 weeks maternity leave for mothers of 4+ children. The government also offered larger and larger child benefits for each child a family had.<br /> The program was aimed at tackling the fall in birthrate due to men and women deciding not to have families, and persue a career instead.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Pro-natalist_policy&diff=1142 2021-10-22T19:40:24Z

<p>Sebastian: /* Japan */</p> <hr /> <div>A pro-natalist policy is a program a government may adopt in order to encourage a higher birthrate of its population.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?|url=https://www.mytutor.co.uk/answers/3863/GCSE/Geography/What-is-the-difference-between-pro-natalist-policies-and-anti-natalist-policies|website=mytutor.co.uk|accessdate=9 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> == Cases ==<br /> <br /> === France ===<br /> <br /> Concerned about professional women choosing not to have children, the French Government launched a plan to encourage three-children families, by offering a number of incentives, sonsisting in cash (£675 monthly, nearly the minimum wage) for a mother to stay off work for one year following the birth of her third child, large reductions on train fares, less tax to pay for families with more children, three years paid parental leave, which can be used by mothers or fathers, subsidized daycare for children under the age of three, and full time school places for over threes paid for by the government. These policies had a positive impact in the fertility rate of France, which is one of the highest in Europe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Case study of pro-natalist policy: France - Managing population change - GCSE Geography Revision |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3grsg8/revision/5 |website=BBC Bitesize |access-date=18 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Hungary ===<br /> <br /> * [https://thefederalist.com/2019/08/13/hungarians-likely-get-30000-three-kids/]<br /> <br /> === Poland ===<br /> <br /> * [https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?langId=en&amp;catId=1246&amp;newsId=9104&amp;furtherNews=yes]<br /> <br /> === Greece ===<br /> <br /> === South Korea ===<br /> <br /> * [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-08-03/south-korea-is-trying-to-boost-its-birth-rate-it-s-not-working]<br /> <br /> === Japan ===<br /> <br /> * https://qz.com/1646740/japan-wants-to-raise-its-fertility-rate-with-new-perks/]<br /> <br /> === Finland ===<br /> <br /> === Latvia ===<br /> <br /> === Russia ===<br /> [[w:Day of conception|Day of conception]]<br /> <br /> === Singapore ===<br /> <br /> Under the slogan &quot;Have three or more!&quot;, Singapore pushed a campaign in 1988 offering 12 weeks maternity leave for mothers of 4+ children. The government also offered larger and larger child benefits for each child a family had.<br /> The program was aimed at tackling the fall in birthrate due to men and women deciding not to have families, and persue a career instead.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Pro-natalist_policy&diff=1141 2021-10-22T19:39:45Z

<p>Sebastian: /* Cases */</p> <hr /> <div>A pro-natalist policy is a program a government may adopt in order to encourage a higher birthrate of its population.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?|url=https://www.mytutor.co.uk/answers/3863/GCSE/Geography/What-is-the-difference-between-pro-natalist-policies-and-anti-natalist-policies|website=mytutor.co.uk|accessdate=9 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> == Cases ==<br /> <br /> === France ===<br /> <br /> Concerned about professional women choosing not to have children, the French Government launched a plan to encourage three-children families, by offering a number of incentives, sonsisting in cash (£675 monthly, nearly the minimum wage) for a mother to stay off work for one year following the birth of her third child, large reductions on train fares, less tax to pay for families with more children, three years paid parental leave, which can be used by mothers or fathers, subsidized daycare for children under the age of three, and full time school places for over threes paid for by the government. These policies had a positive impact in the fertility rate of France, which is one of the highest in Europe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Case study of pro-natalist policy: France - Managing population change - GCSE Geography Revision |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3grsg8/revision/5 |website=BBC Bitesize |access-date=18 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Hungary ===<br /> <br /> * [https://thefederalist.com/2019/08/13/hungarians-likely-get-30000-three-kids/]<br /> <br /> === Poland ===<br /> <br /> * [https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?langId=en&amp;catId=1246&amp;newsId=9104&amp;furtherNews=yes]<br /> <br /> === Greece ===<br /> <br /> === South Korea ===<br /> <br /> * [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-08-03/south-korea-is-trying-to-boost-its-birth-rate-it-s-not-working]<br /> <br /> === Japan ===<br /> <br /> === Finland ===<br /> <br /> === Latvia ===<br /> <br /> === Russia ===<br /> [[w:Day of conception|Day of conception]]<br /> <br /> === Singapore ===<br /> <br /> Under the slogan &quot;Have three or more!&quot;, Singapore pushed a campaign in 1988 offering 12 weeks maternity leave for mothers of 4+ children. The government also offered larger and larger child benefits for each child a family had.<br /> The program was aimed at tackling the fall in birthrate due to men and women deciding not to have families, and persue a career instead.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Pro-natalist_policy&diff=1140 2021-10-22T19:36:23Z

<p>Sebastian: /* Poland */</p> <hr /> <div>A pro-natalist policy is a program a government may adopt in order to encourage a higher birthrate of its population.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?|url=https://www.mytutor.co.uk/answers/3863/GCSE/Geography/What-is-the-difference-between-pro-natalist-policies-and-anti-natalist-policies|website=mytutor.co.uk|accessdate=9 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> == Cases ==<br /> <br /> === France ===<br /> <br /> Concerned about professional women choosing not to have children, the French Government launched a plan to encourage three-children families, by offering a number of incentives, sonsisting in cash (£675 monthly, nearly the minimum wage) for a mother to stay off work for one year following the birth of her third child, large reductions on train fares, less tax to pay for families with more children, three years paid parental leave, which can be used by mothers or fathers, subsidized daycare for children under the age of three, and full time school places for over threes paid for by the government. These policies had a positive impact in the fertility rate of France, which is one of the highest in Europe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Case study of pro-natalist policy: France - Managing population change - GCSE Geography Revision |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3grsg8/revision/5 |website=BBC Bitesize |access-date=18 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Hungary ===<br /> <br /> * [https://thefederalist.com/2019/08/13/hungarians-likely-get-30000-three-kids/]<br /> <br /> === Poland ===<br /> <br /> * [https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?langId=en&amp;catId=1246&amp;newsId=9104&amp;furtherNews=yes]<br /> <br /> === Greece ===<br /> <br /> === Korea ===<br /> <br /> === Japan ===<br /> <br /> === Finland ===<br /> <br /> === Latvia ===<br /> <br /> === Russia ===<br /> [[w:Day of conception|Day of conception]]<br /> <br /> === Singapore ===<br /> <br /> Under the slogan &quot;Have three or more!&quot;, Singapore pushed a campaign in 1988 offering 12 weeks maternity leave for mothers of 4+ children. The government also offered larger and larger child benefits for each child a family had.<br /> The program was aimed at tackling the fall in birthrate due to men and women deciding not to have families, and persue a career instead.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Pro-natalist_policy&diff=1139 2021-10-22T19:35:25Z

<p>Sebastian: /* Hungary */</p> <hr /> <div>A pro-natalist policy is a program a government may adopt in order to encourage a higher birthrate of its population.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?|url=https://www.mytutor.co.uk/answers/3863/GCSE/Geography/What-is-the-difference-between-pro-natalist-policies-and-anti-natalist-policies|website=mytutor.co.uk|accessdate=9 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> == Cases ==<br /> <br /> === France ===<br /> <br /> Concerned about professional women choosing not to have children, the French Government launched a plan to encourage three-children families, by offering a number of incentives, sonsisting in cash (£675 monthly, nearly the minimum wage) for a mother to stay off work for one year following the birth of her third child, large reductions on train fares, less tax to pay for families with more children, three years paid parental leave, which can be used by mothers or fathers, subsidized daycare for children under the age of three, and full time school places for over threes paid for by the government. These policies had a positive impact in the fertility rate of France, which is one of the highest in Europe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Case study of pro-natalist policy: France - Managing population change - GCSE Geography Revision |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3grsg8/revision/5 |website=BBC Bitesize |access-date=18 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Hungary ===<br /> <br /> * [https://thefederalist.com/2019/08/13/hungarians-likely-get-30000-three-kids/]<br /> <br /> === Poland ===<br /> <br /> === Greece ===<br /> <br /> === Korea ===<br /> <br /> === Japan ===<br /> <br /> === Finland ===<br /> <br /> === Latvia ===<br /> <br /> === Russia ===<br /> [[w:Day of conception|Day of conception]]<br /> <br /> === Singapore ===<br /> <br /> Under the slogan &quot;Have three or more!&quot;, Singapore pushed a campaign in 1988 offering 12 weeks maternity leave for mothers of 4+ children. The government also offered larger and larger child benefits for each child a family had.<br /> The program was aimed at tackling the fall in birthrate due to men and women deciding not to have families, and persue a career instead.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Pro-natalist_policy&diff=1138 2021-10-22T19:34:47Z

<p>Sebastian: /* Cases */</p> <hr /> <div>A pro-natalist policy is a program a government may adopt in order to encourage a higher birthrate of its population.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?|url=https://www.mytutor.co.uk/answers/3863/GCSE/Geography/What-is-the-difference-between-pro-natalist-policies-and-anti-natalist-policies|website=mytutor.co.uk|accessdate=9 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> == Cases ==<br /> <br /> === France ===<br /> <br /> Concerned about professional women choosing not to have children, the French Government launched a plan to encourage three-children families, by offering a number of incentives, sonsisting in cash (£675 monthly, nearly the minimum wage) for a mother to stay off work for one year following the birth of her third child, large reductions on train fares, less tax to pay for families with more children, three years paid parental leave, which can be used by mothers or fathers, subsidized daycare for children under the age of three, and full time school places for over threes paid for by the government. These policies had a positive impact in the fertility rate of France, which is one of the highest in Europe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Case study of pro-natalist policy: France - Managing population change - GCSE Geography Revision |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3grsg8/revision/5 |website=BBC Bitesize |access-date=18 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Hungary ===<br /> <br /> === Poland ===<br /> <br /> === Greece ===<br /> <br /> === Korea ===<br /> <br /> === Japan ===<br /> <br /> === Finland ===<br /> <br /> === Latvia ===<br /> <br /> === Russia ===<br /> [[w:Day of conception|Day of conception]]<br /> <br /> === Singapore ===<br /> <br /> Under the slogan &quot;Have three or more!&quot;, Singapore pushed a campaign in 1988 offering 12 weeks maternity leave for mothers of 4+ children. The government also offered larger and larger child benefits for each child a family had.<br /> The program was aimed at tackling the fall in birthrate due to men and women deciding not to have families, and persue a career instead.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Pro-natalist_policy&diff=1137 2021-10-18T15:54:40Z

<p>Sebastian: </p> <hr /> <div>A pro-natalist policy is a program a government may adopt in order to encourage a higher birthrate of its population.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?|url=https://www.mytutor.co.uk/answers/3863/GCSE/Geography/What-is-the-difference-between-pro-natalist-policies-and-anti-natalist-policies|website=mytutor.co.uk|accessdate=9 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> == Cases ==<br /> <br /> === France ===<br /> <br /> Concerned about professional women choosing not to have children, the French Government launched a plan to encourage three-children families, by offering a number of incentives, sonsisting in cash (£675 monthly, nearly the minimum wage) for a mother to stay off work for one year following the birth of her third child, large reductions on train fares, less tax to pay for families with more children, three years paid parental leave, which can be used by mothers or fathers, subsidized daycare for children under the age of three, and full time school places for over threes paid for by the government. These policies had a positive impact in the fertility rate of France, which is one of the highest in Europe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Case study of pro-natalist policy: France - Managing population change - GCSE Geography Revision |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3grsg8/revision/5 |website=BBC Bitesize |access-date=18 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Russia ===<br /> [[w:Day of conception|Day of conception]]<br /> <br /> === Singapore ===<br /> <br /> Under the slogan &quot;Have three or more!&quot;, Singapore pushed a campaign in 1988 offering 12 weeks maternity leave for mothers of 4+ children. The government also offered larger and larger child benefits for each child a family had.<br /> The program was aimed at tackling the fall in birthrate due to men and women deciding not to have families, and persue a career instead.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sebastian&diff=1136 2021-10-18T05:16:56Z

<p>Sebastian: /* TODO/TO PROPOSE */</p> <hr /> <div>* Read this [https://groupprops.subwiki.org/wiki/Groupprops:Groupprops_versus_Wikipedia].<br /> <br /> == Questions ==<br /> <br /> * What effect did natalist policies produce in the birth rates of the countries where they were applied?<br /> * How can the human carrying capacity be increased by the use of technology?<br /> <br /> <br /> == TODO/TO PROPOSE ==<br /> <br /> * Migration per country (I could start with Argentina)<br /> * [[Carrying capacity]]<br /> * [[Closed population]]<br /> * [[Pro-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[Anti-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[models of mortality]]<br /> * [[Brass relational logits]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Page model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life tables]]<br /> * [[Baby Bust]] (A rapid decline in U.S. fertility rates to record-low levels during the period immediately after the baby boom.)<br /> * [[Balancing Equation]]<br /> * [[Family policy in Russia]]<br /> * [[Family policy in India]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life table]]<br /> * [[Brass's relational logit]]<br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> <br /> * [https://www.prb.org/glossary/ glossary]<br /> *[https://www.demogr.mpg.de/en/about_us_6113/what_is_demography_6674/glossary_of_demographic_terms_6982/ glossary]<br /> * [http://www.iiep.unesco.org/sites/default/files/glossary_demographic_terms.pdf glossary]<br /> * [https://population.un.org/wpp/GlossaryOfDemographicTerms/ glossary]<br /> * [https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/778779a4-33a6-4932-adce-e9c32c2fce01/resource/6ab2224d-6738-4cb8-b15f-5f5d82341295/download/osi-demographic-glossary-of-terms.pdf glossary]<br /> * [https://observatoryofdemography.blogs.ie.edu/demography-generational-diversity/terminology/ glossary]<br /> * [https://populationmatters.org/glossary glossary]</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sebastian&diff=1135 2020-03-23T22:59:45Z

<p>Sebastian: /* Sources */</p> <hr /> <div>* Read this [https://groupprops.subwiki.org/wiki/Groupprops:Groupprops_versus_Wikipedia].<br /> <br /> == Questions ==<br /> <br /> * What effect did natalist policies produce in the birth rates of the countries where they were applied?<br /> * How can the human carrying capacity be increased by the use of technology?<br /> <br /> <br /> == TODO/TO PROPOSE ==<br /> <br /> * [[Carrying capacity]]<br /> * [[Closed population]]<br /> * [[Pro-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[Anti-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[models of mortality]]<br /> * [[Brass relational logits]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Page model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life tables]]<br /> * [[Baby Bust]] (A rapid decline in U.S. fertility rates to record-low levels during the period immediately after the baby boom.)<br /> * [[Balancing Equation]]<br /> * [[Family policy in Russia]]<br /> * [[Family policy in India]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life table]]<br /> * [[Brass's relational logit]]<br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> <br /> * [https://www.prb.org/glossary/ glossary]<br /> *[https://www.demogr.mpg.de/en/about_us_6113/what_is_demography_6674/glossary_of_demographic_terms_6982/ glossary]<br /> * [http://www.iiep.unesco.org/sites/default/files/glossary_demographic_terms.pdf glossary]<br /> * [https://population.un.org/wpp/GlossaryOfDemographicTerms/ glossary]<br /> * [https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/778779a4-33a6-4932-adce-e9c32c2fce01/resource/6ab2224d-6738-4cb8-b15f-5f5d82341295/download/osi-demographic-glossary-of-terms.pdf glossary]<br /> * [https://observatoryofdemography.blogs.ie.edu/demography-generational-diversity/terminology/ glossary]<br /> * [https://populationmatters.org/glossary glossary]</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sebastian&diff=1134 2020-03-23T22:58:51Z

<p>Sebastian: /* Sources */</p> <hr /> <div>* Read this [https://groupprops.subwiki.org/wiki/Groupprops:Groupprops_versus_Wikipedia].<br /> <br /> == Questions ==<br /> <br /> * What effect did natalist policies produce in the birth rates of the countries where they were applied?<br /> * How can the human carrying capacity be increased by the use of technology?<br /> <br /> <br /> == TODO/TO PROPOSE ==<br /> <br /> * [[Carrying capacity]]<br /> * [[Closed population]]<br /> * [[Pro-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[Anti-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[models of mortality]]<br /> * [[Brass relational logits]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Page model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life tables]]<br /> * [[Baby Bust]] (A rapid decline in U.S. fertility rates to record-low levels during the period immediately after the baby boom.)<br /> * [[Balancing Equation]]<br /> * [[Family policy in Russia]]<br /> * [[Family policy in India]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life table]]<br /> * [[Brass's relational logit]]<br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> <br /> * [https://www.prb.org/glossary/ glossary]<br /> *[https://www.demogr.mpg.de/en/about_us_6113/what_is_demography_6674/glossary_of_demographic_terms_6982/ glossary]<br /> * [http://www.iiep.unesco.org/sites/default/files/glossary_demographic_terms.pdf glossary]<br /> * [https://population.un.org/wpp/GlossaryOfDemographicTerms/ glossary]<br /> * [https://open.alberta.ca/dataset/778779a4-33a6-4932-adce-e9c32c2fce01/resource/6ab2224d-6738-4cb8-b15f-5f5d82341295/download/osi-demographic-glossary-of-terms.pdf glossary]<br /> * [https://observatoryofdemography.blogs.ie.edu/demography-generational-diversity/terminology/ glossary]</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sebastian&diff=1133 2020-03-23T22:55:49Z

<p>Sebastian: </p> <hr /> <div>* Read this [https://groupprops.subwiki.org/wiki/Groupprops:Groupprops_versus_Wikipedia].<br /> <br /> == Questions ==<br /> <br /> * What effect did natalist policies produce in the birth rates of the countries where they were applied?<br /> * How can the human carrying capacity be increased by the use of technology?<br /> <br /> <br /> == TODO/TO PROPOSE ==<br /> <br /> * [[Carrying capacity]]<br /> * [[Closed population]]<br /> * [[Pro-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[Anti-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[models of mortality]]<br /> * [[Brass relational logits]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Page model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life tables]]<br /> * [[Baby Bust]] (A rapid decline in U.S. fertility rates to record-low levels during the period immediately after the baby boom.)<br /> * [[Balancing Equation]]<br /> * [[Family policy in Russia]]<br /> * [[Family policy in India]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life table]]<br /> * [[Brass's relational logit]]<br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> <br /> * [https://www.prb.org/glossary/ glossary]<br /> *[https://www.demogr.mpg.de/en/about_us_6113/what_is_demography_6674/glossary_of_demographic_terms_6982/ glossary]<br /> * [http://www.iiep.unesco.org/sites/default/files/glossary_demographic_terms.pdf]<br /> * [https://population.un.org/wpp/GlossaryOfDemographicTerms/]</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sebastian&diff=1132 2019-01-01T23:30:46Z

<p>Sebastian: /* TODO */</p> <hr /> <div>* Read this [https://groupprops.subwiki.org/wiki/Groupprops:Groupprops_versus_Wikipedia].<br /> <br /> == Questions ==<br /> <br /> * What effect did natalist policies produce in the birth rates of the countries where they were applied?<br /> * How can the human carrying capacity be increased by the use of technology?<br /> <br /> <br /> == TODO/TO PROPOSE ==<br /> <br /> * [[Carrying capacity]]<br /> * [[Closed population]]<br /> * [[Pro-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[Anti-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[models of mortality]]<br /> * [[Brass relational logits]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Page model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life tables]]<br /> * [[Baby Bust]] (A rapid decline in U.S. fertility rates to record-low levels during the period immediately after the baby boom.)<br /> * [[Balancing Equation]]<br /> * [[Family policy in Russia]]<br /> * [[Family policy in India]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life table]]<br /> * [[Brass's relational logit]]</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sebastian&diff=1131 2018-09-30T23:27:13Z

<p>Sebastian: /* TODO */</p> <hr /> <div>* Read this [https://groupprops.subwiki.org/wiki/Groupprops:Groupprops_versus_Wikipedia].<br /> <br /> == Questions ==<br /> <br /> * What effect did natalist policies produce in the birth rates of the countries where they were applied?<br /> * How can the human carrying capacity be increased by the use of technology?<br /> <br /> <br /> == TODO ==<br /> <br /> * [[Carrying capacity]]<br /> * [[Closed population]]<br /> * [[Pro-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[Anti-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[models of mortality]]<br /> * [[Brass relational logits]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Page model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life tables]]<br /> * [[Baby Bust]] (A rapid decline in U.S. fertility rates to record-low levels during the period immediately after the baby boom.)<br /> * [[Balancing Equation]]<br /> * [[Family policy in Russia]]<br /> * [[Family policy in India]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life table]]<br /> * [[Brass's relational logit]]</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sebastian&diff=1130 2018-08-28T15:15:20Z

<p>Sebastian: </p> <hr /> <div>* Read this [https://groupprops.subwiki.org/wiki/Groupprops:Groupprops_versus_Wikipedia].<br /> <br /> == Questions ==<br /> <br /> * What effect did natalist policies produce in the birth rates of the countries where they were applied?<br /> * How can the human carrying capacity be increased by the use of technology?<br /> <br /> <br /> == TODO ==<br /> <br /> * [[Carrying capacity]]<br /> * [[Closed population]]<br /> * [[Pro-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[Anti-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[models of mortality]]<br /> * [[Brass relational logits]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Page model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life tables]]<br /> * [[Baby Bust]] (A rapid decline in U.S. fertility rates to record-low levels during the period immediately after the baby boom.)<br /> * [[Balancing Equation]]<br /> * [[Family policy in Russia]]<br /> * [[Family policy in India]]</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sebastian&diff=1129 2018-05-23T04:12:03Z

<p>Sebastian: </p> <hr /> <div>* Read this [https://groupprops.subwiki.org/wiki/Groupprops:Groupprops_versus_Wikipedia] as loose guideline.<br /> <br /> == Questions ==<br /> <br /> * What effect did natalist policies produce in the birth rates of the countries where they were applied?<br /> * How can the human carrying capacity be increased by the use of technology?<br /> <br /> <br /> == TODO ==<br /> <br /> * [[Carrying capacity]]<br /> * [[Closed population]]<br /> * [[Pro-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[Anti-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[models of mortality]]<br /> * [[Brass relational logits]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Page model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life tables]]<br /> * [[Baby Bust]] (A rapid decline in U.S. fertility rates to record-low levels during the period immediately after the baby boom.)<br /> * [[Balancing Equation]]<br /> * [[Family policy in Russia]]<br /> * [[Family policy in India]]</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sebastian&diff=1128 2018-05-23T04:11:48Z

<p>Sebastian: </p> <hr /> <div>* Read [this https://groupprops.subwiki.org/wiki/Groupprops:Groupprops_versus_Wikipedia] as loose guideline.<br /> <br /> == Questions ==<br /> <br /> * What effect did natalist policies produce in the birth rates of the countries where they were applied?<br /> * How can the human carrying capacity be increased by the use of technology?<br /> <br /> <br /> == TODO ==<br /> <br /> * [[Carrying capacity]]<br /> * [[Closed population]]<br /> * [[Pro-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[Anti-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[models of mortality]]<br /> * [[Brass relational logits]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Page model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life tables]]<br /> * [[Baby Bust]] (A rapid decline in U.S. fertility rates to record-low levels during the period immediately after the baby boom.)<br /> * [[Balancing Equation]]<br /> * [[Family policy in Russia]]<br /> * [[Family policy in India]]</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sebastian&diff=1127 2018-05-09T02:29:53Z

<p>Sebastian: /* TODO */</p> <hr /> <div>== Questions ==<br /> <br /> * What effect did natalist policies produce in the birth rates of the countries where they were applied?<br /> * How can the human carrying capacity be increased by the use of technology?<br /> <br /> <br /> == TODO ==<br /> <br /> * [[Carrying capacity]]<br /> * [[Closed population]]<br /> * [[Pro-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[Anti-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[models of mortality]]<br /> * [[Brass relational logits]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Page model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life tables]]<br /> * [[Baby Bust]] (A rapid decline in U.S. fertility rates to record-low levels during the period immediately after the baby boom.)<br /> * [[Balancing Equation]]<br /> * [[Family policy in Russia]]<br /> * [[Family policy in India]]</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sebastian&diff=1126 2018-05-09T02:28:12Z

<p>Sebastian: </p> <hr /> <div>== Questions ==<br /> <br /> * What effect did natalist policies produce in the birth rates of the countries where they were applied?<br /> * How can the human carrying capacity be increased by the use of technology?<br /> <br /> <br /> == TODO ==<br /> <br /> * [[Carrying Capacity]]<br /> * [[Pro-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[Anti-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[models of mortality]]<br /> * [[Brass relational logits]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Page model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life tables]]<br /> * [[Baby Bust]] (A rapid decline in U.S. fertility rates to record-low levels during the period immediately after the baby boom.)<br /> * [[Balancing Equation]]<br /> * [[Family policy in Russia]]<br /> * [[Family policy in India]]</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sebastian&diff=1125 2018-05-09T01:11:43Z

<p>Sebastian: </p> <hr /> <div>== Questions ==<br /> <br /> What effect did natalist policies produce in the birth rates of the countries where they were applied?<br /> <br /> <br /> == TODO ==<br /> <br /> <br /> * [[Pro-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[Anti-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[models of mortality]]<br /> * [[Brass relational logits]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Page model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life tables]]<br /> * [[Baby Bust]] (A rapid decline in U.S. fertility rates to record-low levels during the period immediately after the baby boom.)<br /> * [[Balancing Equation]]<br /> * [[Family policy in Russia]]<br /> * [[Family policy in India]]</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Pro-natalist_policy&diff=1124 2018-05-09T00:46:09Z

<p>Sebastian: /* Russia */</p> <hr /> <div>A pro-natalist policy is a program a government may adopt in order to encourage a higher birthrate of its population.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?|url=https://www.mytutor.co.uk/answers/3863/GCSE/Geography/What-is-the-difference-between-pro-natalist-policies-and-anti-natalist-policies|website=mytutor.co.uk|accessdate=9 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> == Cases ==<br /> <br /> === Singapore ===<br /> <br /> Under the slogan &quot;Have three or more!&quot;, Singapore pushed a campaign in 1988 offering 12 weeks maternity leave for mothers of 4+ children. The government also offered larger and larger child benefits for each child a family had.<br /> The program was aimed at tackling the fall in birthrate due to men and women deciding not to have families, and persue a career instead.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> === Russia ===<br /> [[w:Day of conception|Day of conception]]<br /> <br /> == References ==</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Pro-natalist_policy&diff=1123 2018-05-09T00:45:50Z

<p>Sebastian: </p> <hr /> <div>A pro-natalist policy is a program a government may adopt in order to encourage a higher birthrate of its population.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?|url=https://www.mytutor.co.uk/answers/3863/GCSE/Geography/What-is-the-difference-between-pro-natalist-policies-and-anti-natalist-policies|website=mytutor.co.uk|accessdate=9 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> == Cases ==<br /> <br /> === Singapore ===<br /> <br /> Under the slogan &quot;Have three or more!&quot;, Singapore pushed a campaign in 1988 offering 12 weeks maternity leave for mothers of 4+ children. The government also offered larger and larger child benefits for each child a family had.<br /> The program was aimed at tackling the fall in birthrate due to men and women deciding not to have families, and persue a career instead.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> === Russia ===<br /> {{w|Day of conception}}<br /> <br /> == References ==</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Pro-natalist_policy&diff=1122 2018-05-09T00:43:50Z

<p>Sebastian: </p> <hr /> <div>A pro-natalist policy is a program a government may adopt in order to encourage a higher birthrate of its population.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?|url=https://www.mytutor.co.uk/answers/3863/GCSE/Geography/What-is-the-difference-between-pro-natalist-policies-and-anti-natalist-policies|website=mytutor.co.uk|accessdate=9 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> == Cases ==<br /> <br /> === Singapore ===<br /> <br /> Under the slogan &quot;Have three or more!&quot;, Singapore pushed a campaign in 1988 offering 12 weeks maternity leave for mothers of 4+ children. The government also offered larger and larger child benefits for each child a family had.<br /> The program was aimed at tackling the fall in birthrate due to men and women deciding not to have families, and persue a career instead.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Pro-natalist_policy&diff=1121 2018-05-09T00:42:37Z

<p>Sebastian: </p> <hr /> <div>A pro-natalist policy is a program a government may adopt in order to encourage a higher birthrate of its population.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?|url=https://www.mytutor.co.uk/answers/3863/GCSE/Geography/What-is-the-difference-between-pro-natalist-policies-and-anti-natalist-policies|website=mytutor.co.uk|accessdate=9 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> == Cases ==<br /> <br /> === Singapore ===<br /> <br /> Under the slogan &quot;Have three or more!&quot;, Singapore pushed a campaign in 1988 offering 12 weeks maternity leave for mothers of 4+ children. The government also offered larger and larger child benefits for each child a family had.<br /> <br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> The program was aimed at tackling the fall in birthrate due to men and women deciding not to have families, and persue a career instead.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?&quot;/&gt;</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Pro-natalist_policy&diff=1120 2018-05-09T00:38:48Z

<p>Sebastian: Created page with &quot;A pro-natalist policy is a program a government may adopt in order to encourage a higher birthrate of its population.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is the difference between pro-natalist pol...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>A pro-natalist policy is a program a government may adopt in order to encourage a higher birthrate of its population.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?|url=https://www.mytutor.co.uk/answers/3863/GCSE/Geography/What-is-the-difference-between-pro-natalist-policies-and-anti-natalist-policies|website=mytutor.co.uk|accessdate=9 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> <br /> == Cases ==<br /> <br /> === Singapore ===<br /> <br /> Under the slogan &quot;Have three or more!&quot;, Singapore pushed a campaign in 1988 offering 12 weeks maternity leave for mothers of 4+ children. The government also offered larger and larger child benefits for each child a family had.<br /> <br /> The program was aimed at tackling the fall in birthrate due to men and women deciding not to have families, and persue a career instead.&lt;ref name=&quot;What is the difference between pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies?&quot;/&gt;</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sebastian&diff=1119 2018-05-08T21:59:14Z

<p>Sebastian: /* TODO */</p> <hr /> <div>== TODO ==<br /> <br /> <br /> * [[Pro-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[Anti-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[models of mortality]]<br /> * [[Brass relational logits]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Page model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life tables]]<br /> * [[Baby Bust]] (A rapid decline in U.S. fertility rates to record-low levels during the period immediately after the baby boom.)<br /> * [[Balancing Equation]]<br /> * [[Family policy in Russia]]<br /> * [[Family policy in India]]</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sebastian&diff=1118 2018-05-08T21:55:56Z

<p>Sebastian: </p> <hr /> <div>== TODO ==<br /> <br /> <br /> * [[Pro-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[Anti-natalist policy]]<br /> * [[models of mortality]]<br /> * [[Brass relational logits]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Page model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life tables]]<br /> * [[Baby Bust]] (A rapid decline in U.S. fertility rates to record-low levels during the period immediately after the baby boom.)<br /> * [[Balancing Equation]]<br /> * [[Childbearing age]]</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sebastian&diff=1117 2018-05-08T21:43:15Z

<p>Sebastian: Created page with &quot;== TODO == * models of mortality * Brass relational logits * Hernes model * Page model * Multistate life tables&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>== TODO ==<br /> <br /> * [[models of mortality]]<br /> * [[Brass relational logits]]<br /> * [[Hernes model]]<br /> * [[Page model]]<br /> * [[Multistate life tables]]</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sebastian/notes&diff=1116 2017-12-31T20:40:03Z

<p>Sebastian: Sebastian moved page User:Sebastian/notes to User:Sebastian/notes on demography</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[User:Sebastian/notes on demography]]</div>

Sebastian https://demography.subwiki.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sebastian/notes_on_demography&diff=1115 2017-12-31T20:40:03Z

<p>Sebastian: Sebastian moved page User:Sebastian/notes to User:Sebastian/notes on demography</p> <hr /> <div>I'll start my notes by posing some questions I have on demography:<br /> <br /> * What is the ideal growth of the population in a developed society?<br /> * Why is fertility rate counterintuitively lower in more affluent sectors of the population?</div>

Sebastian